Перевести! нужно! about 5000 years ago, the egyptians first hoisted primitive sails to propel boat upstream against the nile current. from then until the middle of the 19th century, when clipper ships were racing the oceans, nearly all water transport relied on the direct force of the wind. the early sailing ships could travel only with-or at best at right angles to-the wind.then came triangular sails, probably an asian invention; they enabled ships to sail close to the wind and thereby more then doubled their usefulness. long ocean voyages were at last possible.

Около 5000лет назад египтяне первые примитивные паруса подняли, чтобы продвинуть лодку против течения нила. с тех пор не до середины19-го века, когда клипер судов мчались океанов, почти всеводный транспорт опирались на прямую силу ветра. ранние парусных судовможет перемещаться только с или в лучшем случае под прямым углом к wind.then пришлитреугольных парусов, вероятно, азиатские изобретения; они позволили плыть близкок ветру и тем самым более чем удвоили свою полезность. длинные океана путешествия были в последний возможный

1) mary is a pupil     we are eight     my friends are pupils     where is from     are you a teacher 2) does he want to be a pilot     do you want to be a cosmonaut     does  tom like to run     do  they like to play hide-and-seek                                                                  the children do  not like to play volleyball 3) peter has  got a cat    have you got a dog                                                                                          ann has  got a brother     i  have got a friend    we have  got two grandmothers  

1— how did you learn english?   we had four lessons every morning, except saturdays and sundays. the lessons were interesting; the teachers used different ways of teaching. besides, i spoke english after the lessons, too, and outside the classroom, i picked up many useful words. i think i became more fluent. 2— how long did you study? for 2 weeks. but there were 3- and 4-week courses there, too. 3— you spent good summer holidays, didn’t you? yes, i did. i was in plymouth. i took a course of english at the college. 4— did you like the course? yes, very much. the teachers were friendly and helpful. and i feel my english is better now. i’m going to take a 4-week course next summer. 5— and what did you do after the lessons? a lot of things. the programme was interesting. we went on excursions, played sports, went shopping. i really had a great time. 6— who was in your class? my class was small; there were eight students from different countries. i made friends with roberta from italy.