Afishзамени сушествительные местоимениями. замени сушествительные местоимениями.a fish can swim.

Правильный ответ-it can swim.

при переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временные формы глаголов сдвигаются на шаг в прошлое, кроме следующих случаев:

1. слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени: he will say that he has been there before.

2. действие в past perfect (continuous) илиfuture-in-the-past: he said that he felt happy after he had done it.

3. обстоятельства времени не изменились: he said that he bought it yesterday.

4. выражение всегда верно: the teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

5. выражение верно длительный период времени: he said that he loves you.

6. сообщение повторяется сразу: he said that the food is delicious.

7. условные предложения 2 типа: he said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do it.

8. желаемые события: she said she wished she were younger.

9. глаголы  should, ought to: she was said that he ought to quit smoking.

10. must, если это совет, предположение или приказ: he guessed that they must be at home.

 

временные формы  могут не изменяться в случае:

1. когда непосредственно указано время действия: they said that they began/had begun studying english in 2010.

2. когда косвенно указано время действия: she said that she met/had met him when they were neighbours.

3. когда излагающий согласен с мнением цитируемого: he said that india is a rich country.

(при несогласии: he said that india was a rich country).

 

при сдвиге временной формы глагола в прошлое, в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:

this – that, these – those, here – there, now  - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow  - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he  - that man, we - they.

если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know:

he said: “come here”. – he told them to come up to him.

he said: “where are you going? ” – he wanted to know/wondered where they we going.

кроме слова said используются глаголы, выражающие характер прямой речи:

 

 

для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether.

вопросительные предложения с прямым порядком слов: he asked me if/whether they were at home.

в вопросительном предложении с глаголом-связкой порядок слов может быть обратным: he asked me what was the price.

Violent Sports

Sport is undoubtedly important and useful for people, although there are some sports that use violence and cruelty. For example, boxing, freestyle wrestling, martial arts, cage fighting, auto racing, armored combat, etc. Some people find these sports spectacular. That’s why they quickly gained popularity around the world. However, I think that these sports are inhuman and risky. Many prominent sportsmen have lost their lives to violent sports. Moreover, it is rather common to exploit carelessly animals in some sports, such as medieval tournaments or bullfighting. Spectators spend large sums of money to watch this cruelty. Instead, I think these performances should be banned. Some sports can be still allowed, as they have certain advantages. For example, boxing is considered to be one of the most dangerous sports in the world. People break legs, arms and noses doing this sport. However, sportsmen, who did boxing at some stage of their life, say that this sport forms a strong character and turns a person into a real fighter. Boxers are also rather self-confident and physically strong. Martial arts can be both brutal and useful. Although, it is a traumatic sport, people become physically and morally stronger after some time of training. Wrestling is another dangerous sport that involves grappling techniques. The contestants need to be strong, fit and cunning to win in such grapple. Medieval tournaments are very spectacular, although I feel sorry for those horses that participate in the fight. All in all, there are many types of violence in modern sports, that should be banned, I’m sure that sport can be spectacular even without hurting people or animals.