Подчеркните infinitive, определите его функцию. effect of monetary policies on the u.s. economy the monetary policies adopted by the federal reserve system can have dramatic effects on the national economy and, in particular, on financial markets. most directly, of course, when the federal reserve system increases the money supply and expands the availability of credit, then the interest rate, which determines the amount of money that borrowers pay for loans, is likely to decrease. lower interest rates, in turn, will encourage businesses to borrow more money to invest in capital goods, and will stimulate households to borrow more money to purchase housing, automobiles, and other goods. but the federal reserve system can go too far in expanding the money supply. if the supply of money and credit grows much faster than the production of goods and services in the economy, then prices will increase, and the rate of inflation will rise. inflation is a serious problem for those who live on fixed incomes, since the income of those individuals remains constant while the amount of goods and services they can purchase with their income decreases. inflation may also hurt banks and other financial institutions that lend money, as well as savers. in a period of unanticipated inflation, as the value of money decreases in terms of what it will purchase, loans are repaid with dollars that are worthless. the funds that people have saved are worthless too. when banks and savers anticipate higher inflation, they will try to protect themselves by demanding higher interest rates on loans and savings accounts. this will be especially true on long-term loans and savings deposits, if the higher inflation is considered likely to continue for many years. but higher interest rates create problems for borrowers and those who want to invest in capital goods.