Перевести текст metamorphic rocks the problem discussed concerns metamorphic rocks which compose the third large family of rocks. "metamorphic" means "changed from". it shows that the original rock has been changed from its primary form to a new one. being subjected to pressure, heat and chemically active fluids beneath the earth's surface, various rocks in the earth's crust undergo changes in texture, in mineral composition and structure and are transformed into metamorphic rocks. the process described is called metamorphism. as is known, metamorphic rocks have been developed from earlier igneous and sedimentary rocks by the action of heat and pressure. gneisses, mica schists, phyllites, marbles, slate, quartz, etc. belong to the same group of rocks. having the same mineral composition as granite, gneisses consist chiefly of quartz, orthoclase and mica. however unlike granite, they have a schistose structure. it means that their constituents are distributed in bands or layers and run parallel to each other in one direction. if disturbed the rock cleaves easily into separate plates. the role of water in metamorphism is determined by at least four variable geologically related parameters: rock pressure, temperature, water pressure, and the amount of water present. during a normal progressive metamorphism rock pressure and temperature are interdependent, and the amount of water and the pressure of water are related to the sediments and to the degree of metamorphism in such a way that, generally speaking, the low-grade metamorphic rocks are characterized by the excess of water. the medium-grade rocks defined by some deficiency of water and the high-grade metamorphic rocks are characterized by the absence of water. many of the metamorphic rocks mentioned above consist of flaky materials such as mica and chlorite. these minerals cause the rock to split into thin sheets, and rocks become foliated. slate, phyllite, schist and gneiss belong to the group of foliated metamorphic rocks. marble and quartzite are non-foliated metamorphic rocks. the structure of metamorphic rocks is of importance because it shows the nature of pre-existing rocks and the mechanism of metamorphic deformation. every trace of original structure is of great importance to geologists. it gives an opportunity of analysing the causes of its metamorphism. being often called crystalline schists, metamorphic rocks such as gneisses and mica have a schistose structure. metamorphic rocks represent the oldest portion of the earth's crust. they are mostly found in the regions of mountain belts where great dislocations on the earth once took place.

Метаморфических породпроблема обсудил опасения метаморфических пород, которые составляют третью большую семью пород. "метаморфических" означает "изменен с". это показывает, что исходное порода была изменена с его основной форме, чтобы новым. подвергаясь давлению, тепла и активных жидкостей под поверхностью земли, различные породы в земной коре претерпевают изменения в структуре, в минеральном составе и структуре и превращаются в метаморфических породах.процесс, описанный называется метаморфизм.как известно, метаморфические были разработаны на основе ранее изверженных и осадочных пород под действием тепла и давления.гнейсы, слюды сланцы, филлиты, мрамор, сланец, кварц и др принадлежат к той же группе пород. имея же минеральный состав, как гранит, гнейсы состоят в основном из кварца, ортоклаза и слюды. однако в отличие от гранита, они имеют структуру слоистых. это означает, что их компоненты распределены в виде полос или слоев и параллельно друг другу в одном направлении. если нарушается рок расщепляет легко в отдельных пластин.роль воды в метаморфизма определяется, по крайней мере четыре переменные геологически связанные параметры: горного давления, температуры, давления воды, и количество воды, присутствующей.во время нормальной прогрессивной давлении метаморфизма горных пород и температуры являются взаимозависимыми, и количество воды, и давление воды связаны с осадками и степени метаморфизма таким образом, что, вообще говоря, низкосортные метаморфические породы характеризуются от избытка воды. породы среднего класса, определенные некоторый дефицит воды и высококачественных метаморфических пород характеризуется отсутствием воды.многие из метаморфические породы, упомянутых выше состоят из слоистых материалов, таких как слюда и хлорит. эти минералы вызвать рок разделить на тонкие листы и породы становятся слоением.шифер, филлит, сланцы и гнейсы принадлежат к группе слоеных метаморфических пород. мрамор и кварцит не являются расслаивается метаморфических пород.структура метаморфических пород имеет важное значение, потому что это показывает характер уже существующих пород и механизм метаморфических деформации. все следы первоначальной структуры имеет большое значение для геологов. это дает возможность анализировать причины его метаморфизма. будучи часто называют кристаллические сланцы, метаморфических пород, такие как гнейсы и слюды имеют слоистой структуры. метаморфические породы представляют собой самый старый часть земной коры. они, чаще всего в регионах горных поясов, где большие дислокации на земле когда-то имели место.

Dear andy,i want to tell you about the city i live in. it is the best city in the world. there are a lot of interesting places in it. there are lot of  1) museums, 2) libraries, 3) theatres, and 4) cinemas__ in washington.  visit the smithsonian!   this 5)  museum _ is very big and interesting. a lot of people visit it every year.  there are many  6) shops, 7) and 8) shopping centres_ in my city. you can buy many things there.  washington has got a lot of  __ 9) cafes  and 10) you can have a meal there. there are many beautiful 11) parks__ in washington. i like spending time with my friends in rock creek park.  i like visiting the national 12) it is a very big 13) there are many animals and birds there. washington is a fantastic place!   all the best,  sam пропущенные слова:   1) museums,  2) libraries,  3) theatres,  4) cinemas,  5) museum  6) shops,  7) supermarkets,  8) shopping centres,  9) cafes,  10) restaurants, 11) parks,  12) zoo,  13)  zoo.

Ivan ivanovich shishkin is a famous russian artist (landscape painter, painter, engraver) and academician. ivan was born in the city of yelabuga in 1832 in a merchant family. the artist received his first education in the kazan gymnasium. after studying there for four years, shishkin entered a moscow school of painting. after graduating from this school in 1856, he continued his education at the academy of fine arts of st. petersburg. within the walls of this institution shishkin received knowledge until 1865. in addition to the academic drawing, the artist also honed his skills outside the academy, in various picturesque places of the suburbs of st. petersburg. now the paintings of ivan shishkin are valued as high as ever. in 1860, shishkin received an important award - the academy's gold medal. the artist goes to munich. then - in zurich. everywhere he works in the workshops of the most famous artists of the time. for the painting "view in the vicinity of dusseldorf" he soon received the title of academician. in 1866, ivan shishkin returned to st. petersburg. shishkin, traveling in russia, then presented his paintings at various exhibitions. he painted a lot of pictures of a pine forest, among the most famous are "creek in the forest", "morning in the pine forest", "pine forest", "fog in the pine forest", "nature reserve. pinery". also, the artist showed his paintings in the association of traveling exhibitions. shishkin was a member of a circle of aquafortists. in 1873, the artist received the title of professor at the academy of fine arts, and after some time was the head of the training workshop. the creativity of ivan ivanovich shishkin early creativity for the early works of the master ("view on the island of valaam", 1858, the kiev museum of russian art, "felling forest", 1867, the tretyakov gallery) is characterized by some fractional forms; adhering to the traditional "romanticism" of the "backstage" construction of the picture, clearly marking out the plans, he does not yet achieve a convincing unity of the image. in such films as "noon. in the vicinity of moscow "(1869, this unity appears already an obvious reality, primarily due to the subtle compositional and light-air-color coordination of the zones of sky and earth, the soil (the latter shishkin felt particularly penetrating, in this respect not having himself equal in the russian landscape art). maturity in the 1870s. ivan shishkin was at the time of unconditional creative maturity, which is evidenced by the paintings "pine forest. mastwood in the vyatka province "(1872) and" rye "(1878, both - the tretyakov gallery). usually avoiding unsteady, transitional states of nature, the artist ivan shishkin fixes its highest summer flowering, achieving an impressive tonal unity precisely at the expense of bright, midday, summer light, which determines the entire color scale. monumental-romantic image of nature with a capital letter is invariably present in the pictures. new, realistic trends, appear in that penetrating attention with which signs of a specific piece of land, a corner of a forest or field, a particular tree, are written out. ivan shishkin is a wonderful poet not only of soil, but also of wood, which subtly senses the character of each breed [in his most typical records, he usually mentions not just a "forest" but a forest of "sedge, elms and some oaks" (diary of 1861) or "spruce, pine, aspen, birch, lime tree" (from a letter to iv volkovsky, 1888)]. with special enthusiasm the artist writes breeds the most powerful and strong type of oaks and pines - in the stage of maturity, old age and, finally, death in the windbreak. classical works of ivan ivanovich - such as "rye" or "among the valley of the flat " (the painting is named after the song by af merzlyakov, 1883, the kiev museum of russian art), "lesnye dali" (1884, tretyakov gallery) - are perceived as generalized, epic images of russia. artist ivan shishkin equally work out both kinds of views, and forest "interiors" ("pine trees illuminated by the sun", 1886, "morning in the pine forest" where bears were written by ka savitsky, 1889, both in the same place). his drawings and sketches, which are a detailed diary of natural life, have independent value.