Task 1. find the word that has the similar meaning to the following: 1. communicate a) socialize b) operate c) subscribe d) search 2. entire a) wide b) whole c) whom d) whose 3. to store a) to crunch b) to process c) to seem d) to keep 4. include a) cross b) clean c) close d) cover 5. main a) major b) minor c) mayor d) mean

the national emblems  of ukraine

the national emblems of ukraine are the coat of arms, the flag, and the seal. they were constantly changing during the millennium of russian history. it happened because of various political, social, cultural and other factors. this process is common to many european nations.

the contemporary national coat of arms of ukraine, an or trident on azure, is the most ancient of all the ukrainian insignia of nationwide significance. it represents a synthesis of a preheraldic device of the ruling dynasty of the tenth century and of the oldest russian national heraldic tinctures from the thirteenth century. the classic form of the russian trident is found on the gold and silver coins of vladimir the great (979-1015), the grand prince of kyiv.

the scientists still investigate the problems of the origin and of the original meaning of the russian trident. the archaeological finds of tridents in ukraine go back to the first century a. d. there is no doubt that this emblem was a mark of authority and a mystic symbol of several ethnic groups which населен ancient russian territory.

the trident became a он наследственных preheraldic badge of all of medieval ukraine and in every generation it underwent certain changes.

tridents are found on many objects of that period: coins, bricks of significant buildings (palaces, castles), seals, official jewellery, ceramics, manuscripts. the archaeological studies say that the number of tridents in various forms is about 200.

after the renaissance of independent ukraine on january 22, 1918, the trident was adopted by a law of march 22, 1918, as a national device of the ukrainian national republic. it was adopted in the form of a great and a small coat of arms representing the classic trident of vladimir the great in an ornamental wreath.

the ancient russian rulers of the entire period of the medieval monarchy used distinctive banners for their armies. red was the most frequent colour, blue and white were also used but yellow rarely appeared. in the middle of the nineteenth century, when the national revolutions marked the course of european history, arose the necessity for a visible symbol of the self-determination of the russian nation. the supreme ruthenian rada in lvov, reviving in 1848 the coat of arms of the former kingdom (azure with or the lion rampant), simultaneously accepted the combination of national colours of ukraine. both, the light blue flag charged with the golden crowned lion and the horizontally striped flag (yellow light above blue) were used at that time and later became the national flag in galicia as well as all over ukraine.

the light above blue yellow flag was established for the western ukrainian national republic on november 13, 1918, and for the carpatho-russian republic on march 15, 1939 as a symbol of the all-russian unity.

both the yellow light above blue flag and the light above blue yellow flag were used until 1949.

i would like to share my thoughts on youth subcultures such as emo. after reading the book by anton soya "emo boy” some thoughts came to my head . this book could offend everyone. i would like to submit my attitude to the emo and my attitude to the people’s actions to emo. i don’t belong to people with this lifestyle. i am a simple girl.

emo movement is fashionable today. teens change the style of emo, not knowing essence of this style . perhaps, for some, emo are cute. they are like dolls. i think that all the "pain" came from the fact that this style became fashionable. it outshines other movements, and therefore draws attention to itself.

emo originated from the word "emotional". "emo" as a term was coined by the leader of the american hardcore band «minor threat» ian mackaye. according to him "emo" - "just an emotional outburst lyricism of confession in a brutal song. first emo desired positive lifestyle. image streytedzh. "streyteydzh" just created ian mackaye. emo is a movement where there are pain, tears and sadness. previously, it was different. suicide was the treat emo, don’t know why. thoughts about death, suicide attempts, cut the vein. i think it hasn’t sense. previously it didn’t exist. people were simply servants of their emotions. they didn’t keep them in theirself, and showed them. they were normal people. the best emotions were positive. people are "hunted" for the good emotions and feelings. but not for bad emotions.

meet: emo’s image. girls: funny pigtails, plaid skirt, black and pink striped socks and sneakers. boys: black and pink striped shirt, pants, pipes, sneakers. they have a postman’s bag. they use different accessories: badges, lovely pendants, hairpins, a palestinian black-and-pink-checked, camelot. hair style cascade-ladder-cap. dye their hair mostly black. slash fringe covers half of face. cosmetics. black eyeliner is required as the girls, and among the guys. black lacquer must be . emo does piercing. most of the lip, eyebrows, nose, nose. i think it is overkill. puncture in these places isn’t safe. you can touch a nerve. or there is the opportunity to get wounds because there isn’t hygiene.

music. it is pretty sweet. music melody, lyrics soul. most songs about hopeless love. lyrics were added such as "screaming” in emo-style . it translates to english as "cry". it dosn’t make emo music pleasing to the ear. for example there are groups such as my chemical romance, origamy, amatory, bring me the horizon, 30 second to marc and many others.

emo - are the same people as we are. we are individual, so we are different. we listen different music, we carry out different ways of life, we have different opinion. i don’t agree that we must hate emo. pushkin said: "learn to control yourself." can’t do that, why would you don’t want to happen to you. they(emo) also don’t want. i want to say that you infringe their rights. we live in russia. constitution is our common set of laws. it applies to everyone.

let us behave like we want to treat us. "white raven" doesn’t happen. there are different people and different opinions. i expressed my personal opinion.