The british are the first in the world installed phone booths on the streets of their cities. the prototypes are public phone booths appeared in britain in 1884, eight years after the scotsman alexander graham bell invented the telephone. first, "public calls" were in stores and calling on buyers was separated only by a curtain. it was uncomfortable, because the talks could be listening, and two hours. it was decided to bring the phones to the streets and put them in wooden boxes. in 1912, the automobile association put their phone kiosks along the roads. the driver who has a problem in the car, could have called aaa. in 1924, the government arranged a competition for the best sample of telephone kiosk. the winner was the architect giles gilbert scott. known for his other projects included in the history: the cathedral in liverpool, power station on the river thames in central london and the building of the library at cambridge university. the material used was cast iron and thick trickled down. scott offered to paint beeches in silver color, but the post office chose the colour red as the red phone booths can easily be seen even in cloudy english weather. red phone booths installed not only throughout the united kingdom and its colonies (in india. malaya), but also in friendly countries, for example, in portugal. it served as a reminder of the unity of the united kingdom and its overseas possessions. unfortunately, red telephone booths can fade in the near future. five years ago in the country there were more than 150 thousand, and now there are only 13 thousand. in an era of high technology people prefer mobile communication. in their defence was made by the lord mayor of london, historians and architects. thanks to their efforts, about 2,500 booths was included in the list of monuments protected by the state. in 2007, residents of england were asked to choose the main national symbols associated with their state in the world. the honorable first place, the british took the red phone booth! at first glance it's just a red box, but essentially it was like red buses, london taxis, the helmet english bobby and the red mailbox, an icon, a symbol of great britain and a testament to the achievements of the country in the period from mid-xix to mid xx centuries.
zybin41iz81
06.10.2022
The state tretyakov gallery is one of the largest art museums in russia and the world, named for the founder of the merchant and maecenas pavel tretyakov. to collect a painting by p. tretyakov began in 1850, and after 17 years, opened a gallery, the meeting which numbered about two thousand works of fine art and a few sculptures. in 1893, previously sent to moscow as a gift the collection became known as the moscow city gallery of tretyakov and kept the money bequeathed by the founders. in 1918 the tretyakov gallery was nationalized and became "state property rsfrs", the first directors, it became an art critic and artist i. grabar, and then the architect a. shchusev. when they grew up, the museum has been added several new buildings, actively developed new exposure. during the great patriotic war, all the paintings and sculptures were taken to novosibirsk and molotov. the evacuation lasted more than a year, but on may 17, 1945 the exhibition was re-opened to residents and guests of moscow. the state tretyakov gallery in the next decade, the museum is continuously growing and today it consists of gallery on krymsky val gallery in lavrushinsky lane, the house-museum of v. m. vasnetsov, the temple of sv. nicholas in tolmachi and others branches. the museum's collections include works of art of xi-xxi, which includes painting, sculpture, graphics. best known works stored in the museum, are considered icons of xi-xvii centuries, and especially among them a valuable face of the vladimir mother of god, rublev's "trinity" and the icons written by dionysius, and theophanes the greek, simon ushakov. the basis of the collections of the tretyakov gallery — russian art, much of which dates to the second half of the xix century. in the collection presents works by kramskoy, perov, vasnetsov, savrasov, shishkin, aivazovsky, repin, vereshchagin, and other famous russian artists. in the xx century, the gallery was enriched with works by vrubel, levitan, serov, malevich, roerich and benois. in the soviet period in the expositions appeared deineka, brodsky, kukryniksy, nesterov and others. in addition to paintings the museum houses and exhibits works antokolskio, mukhina, shadr, konenkova and other famous sculptors. the state tretyakov gallery is currently the tretyakov gallery is developing new displays and exhibitions, actively cooperating with many museums in the world and in russia by providing collections for temporary exhibitions, conducts restoration and research work, to replenish funds, develops cultural and educational programs, participates in major museum, film and music festivals. the tretyakov gallery in 1995, was recognized as one of the most valuable objects of culture for its activities in the field of conservation of works of art and the popularization of museum values