In both essay writing and public speaking our goal is to convey information clearly and concisely or even to convert the reader or listener to our way of thinking. To achieve these goals you should remember to connect your ideas so that your audience can easily follow them. In other words you should use linking words and phrases, or transitions.
Read the following two paragraphs. How are they different?
Paragraph 1
There are many causes of air pollution. There is the use of private cars. This can cause many breathing problems because of fumes. Other forms of transport cause air pollution, these are buses, boats and motorcycles. Factories produce gasses that go into the air causing pollution. These things make people's health suffer.
Paragraph 2
To begin with, there are many causes of air pollution. Firstly, there is the use of private cars. This can cause many breathing problems because of fumes. Furthermore, other forms of transport cause air pollution, for example buses, boats and motorcycles. In addition, factories produce gasses that go into the air causing pollution. All in all, these things make people's health suffer.
This is an example of how using linking words and phrases can improve the quality of your speech. Note how the ideas flow more smoothly, and the logical relationships between the ideas are expressed clearer in the second paragraph.Most pieces of formal writing and presentations are organised in a similar way: introduction, development of main ideas or arguments, and conclusion. Linking words and phrases act like bridges between parts of your writing. They join each part together as well as sentences and paragraphs within each part or even two ideas within one sentence. Transitions are not just verbal techniques that decorate your paper or speech by making them sound or read better. They are words with particular meanings that tell the reader (listener) to think and react in a particular way to your ideas.
1) There are a lots of ways to cook chicken. O How many chocolate bars are there on the table? OI eat a lot of sweets. I can eat 15 sweets a day. A My friend puts far too much salt on his food. 5) How much sugar is in your tea? 6) There are only a few cafes in this district: only two or three. 7) This restaurant serves a lot of different kinds of national food. It's really difficult to choose one. 8) Don't put too much spices in the sause. 9) There isn't enough flour to make noodles. 10) You are not healthy because you eat too much junk food and very few vegetables.
Поделитесь своими знаниями, ответьте на вопрос:
Answer the questions. give short answers. 1. is english your favourite lesson ? 2. do you have russian on tuesday ? 3. do you like art ? 4. is you music teacher tall ? 5. does your friend like math ? 6. is your pe teacher a man ? 7. does your friend go to school on saturday? is you mum a teacher