Перевод на пож what causes earthquakes? 01.1.r o1d earth stretc hes and deforms its rock layers at a rate too fast for themselves quitietly. scientists are not su/e whether the eart his growing bigger and stretching crustàlrocks, orshrinking to wrinkle them like dried appleskins.in any cmse, therearenian#r: asonsforthesqueezingand tw isting ofthe rocks thatcause such trouble. chem icaland radioactivereactionsm elttheinteriorm aterialscausing rocks.m ostim portantm ay be the w eightof eag h m aterialm oved from placeto placeby the ruslting waters of rivers.this happens slow ly, butthere is a11thetimeintheworld, mldafterm illionsofyears theweightof m aterialbecom esvery great. ' breaking takes place along zones of weakness called faults.oneside of the rock m ovespastthe other, sidew aysor up ordown, sliding and grinding along the fault untilthe tension is released. therock then com esto restin itsnew position, to stay untiltension builds up again.the following two exam ples m ay dem onstrate the disaster. 11 on a pril18, 1906, one of the greatest shocks in a m erican history struck san francisco, it 150 happened at 5: 12 on a weekday m orning w hen the downtow n business districtw as deserted and streets were empty.the death tollwas between 452 and 498 persons. a ctually the quake buckled and rolled over a 200-m i1e stretch of the san a ndreas fault. altogether, âtleast 700 persons were killed. rqnfrancisco'sdnmagewasestimatedat$400million ata tim eofs-centbeerand ls-centprim ebeef. w hat if a quake of sim ilar strength struck at noon on a week-day? itis a chilling possibility. can citieseventually bebuiltso they're quakeproof? yes, say the experts. studied during thepasthalfcentury. rthere is no reason for a fifty-storey building to be less safe than a five-storey building if it is constructed properlyy''saysdr.george w .h ousner, caltech .finally, willit eventually be possible to predict quakes? an internationalstudy is now in progress in an effort to answer this question. gw ith increasing inform ation about the eazth m ovem ents a1lover the world, ''dr.benioff says, d w ould tellus when and where the breaking point hasbeen reached-'' it can't be concluded as yet that earthqultktls com ein cyclesbecausethey haven'tbeen observtltl orrecorded long enough.iii r 3. the possibility ofconstructing quake-proof < 'the likelihood of a major er thquake hitting ' , , a. itj gapanese ' 4' pho possibility to forecastearthquakes. tokyo is now greater than ever, s geographer takam asa nakuno.on average severe ' r , . - 3aaaxee 9.l'ipoql/'ral're iï rzepecltam hq'e earthquakes(aboutviiion themodified mercali scaleor6.5ontherichterscale)alfectthetokyo torct' areaabout10timesacentury.thelastcomparable oneofm; . quake wasin 1929, sothenextisreckoned tobe , strdch. welloverdue.the last destructive earthquake to ing from towardslake affect tokyo occurred in 1923 when 60, 000 lives eyre, is wellknown to south a ustralians, w ho cart wereclaim ed and 370, 000 housesweredestroyed. easilygettherein aday'sdrivefrom adelaide. tokyo has changed considerably since 1923. y itislessvisited bytravellersfrom otherstates the urban area has expanded and the density of butiam pleased to seetravelwritersr on and viv wooden houses has increased. nakuno sees new m oon have written a book on this area. danger areas in the subways and underground ' the flinders ss a long range, stretching from j shopping com plexes. the to the arid the tokyo m etropolitan governm ent stillsees plalnsofm ounth opeless.and ithasbeen around fireasthem ajorhazard resulting from an earth- a long time.its geolo-gy reveals nearly half the quake and its counter-m easures are designed to history ofour planet. dealwith a largenumberofsim ultaneousfireson m ysteriouscarvingsin therocksrevealhum an intlependent sites.a centralpart of their earth- habitation ofat least 15, 000 years, quakespolicy istodesignateopen spacesforevacu- thefirsteuropean toseetherangeswasm atthew ation and build fire-proofhighrise buildings.