Впр. 40. розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у present simple або past simple. 1. i (to watch) television at seven o’clock every evening. 2. i (to watch) television yesterday. 3. she (to comb) her hair every morning. 4. yesterday she (to comb) her hair. 5. they (not to rest) yesterday. 6. i usually (to walk) to my school but yesterday i (to take) a tram. t 7. yesterday he (to have) a holiday. he (not to go) to the office. he (to get) up at eleven o’clock, (to wash) his face, (to have) breakfast and (to go) for a walk. 8. as a rule my mother (to cook) dinner. but yesterday she (to decide) not to cook. she (to invite) us to the restaurant. 9. he (not to like) coffee. but yesterday he (to drink) a cup of coffee as he (to be) very tired. 10. you often (to take) your brother for a walk? — yes. — why you (not to take) him for a walk the day before yesterday? — he (to be) ill.

1. Watch. 2. Watched. 3. Combs. 4. Combed. 5. Didn't rest. 6, walk; took. 7. Had, didn't go, got, washed, had,went. 8. Cooks; decided; invited. 9. Doesn't like. Drank,was. 10. Do you often take your brother for a walk? Why didn't you tske him? - he was ill.

5. Предлоги

А) вставьте предлоги времени, если это необходимо.

1. Your wedding dress will be finished in a couple of hours.

2. He returned from Argentina last month.

3. Practically everyone gives and gets presents on New Year’s Day.

4. Tom and Dick are playing squash at 5 o’clock this evening.

Б) вставьте предлоги места, если это необходимо.

1. It's dangerous for children to play with a ball in/on the streets.

2. San Francisco is in the west coast of the United States.

3. We had arrived at the airport by 2 o’clock yesterday.

В) вставьте падежные предлоги, предлоги направления и другие предлоги, если это необходимо.

1. The train was late but no one knew the reason for the delay.

2. In my opinion, the play is not so good.

3. The railway workers are again on strike.

При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временные формы глаголов сдвигаются на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:

1. Слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени: He will say that he has been there before.

2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или Future-in-the-Past: He said that he felt happy after he had done it.

3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились: He said that he bought it yesterday.

4. Выражение всегда верно: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

5. Выражение верно длительный период времени: He said that he loves you.

6. Сообщение повторяется сразу: He said that the food is delicious.

7. Условные предложения 2 типа: He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do it.

8. Желаемые события: She said she wished she were younger.

9. Глаголы  should, ought to: She was said that he ought to quit smoking.

10. Must, если это совет, предположение или приказ: He guessed that they must be at home.

 

Временные формы  могут не изменяться в случае:

1. Когда непосредственно указано время действия: They said that they began/had begun studying English in 2010.

2. Когда косвенно указано время действия: She said that she met/had met him when they were neighbours.

3. Когда излагающий согласен с мнением цитируемого: He said that India is a rich country.

(при несогласии: He said that India was a rich country).

 

При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:

this – that, these – those, here – there, now  - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow  - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he  - that man, we - they.

Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know:

He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.

He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they we going.

Кроме слова said используются глаголы, выражающие характер прямой речи:

 

 

Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether.

Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home.

В вопросительном предложении с глаголом-связкой порядок слов может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.