Вкаких случаях в языке используются слова much, many, a lot of.

Much к неисчилямым существительным в вопросах и отрицательных предложениях,а many к исчисляемым существительным,но тоже в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях,а a lot of в утвердительных предложениях

Когда какой-нибудь предмет исяесляют например:How much butter is there in the cake?

Ancient Egypt - one of the oldest civilizations of the world, originated in Northeast Africa, the Nile Valley. It is believed that the word "Egypt" comes from the Greek "Aygyuptos". It arose probably from Het-ka-Ptah - the city, which the Greeks later called Memphis. Egyptians themselves called their country "Ta Kemet" - Black Earth - the color of the local soil.
According to Herodotus, Egypt - "the gift of the Nile", as Neil has been a source of inexhaustible fertility, the basis of all economic activity of the population. In Egypt and neighboring areas it had almost everything he needed. Mountains, closes the Nile valley, were rich in various types of stone: granite, diorite, basalt, alabaster, limestone, sandstone. In the metals Egypt was not, but they were caught in the surrounding areas: the Sinai Peninsula - copper, in the desert between the Nile and the Red Sea - Gold, Red Sea - zinc and lead. Silver and iron were delivered mainly from Asia Minor (see. Map minerals Egypt).
Egypt has a favorable geographical position. Mediterranean Sea, connecting it with the coast of Asia Minor, Cyprus, the Aegean islands and mainland Greece. Neil is an important shipping artery linking Upper and Lower Egypt and the whole country with Nubia, which the ancient authors called Ethiopia.

He entered the office, came to my desk and stopped in front of me. I knew at once what he was going to say. I had suspected for a long time that he was going to leave. The company hired Mr. Spencer because he had lived in India, for five years. He had lost confidence in himself before he was fired. I was upset. They canceled the party after I had made all arrangements for it. The children were disappointed because they had hoped to go with us. Although the morning forecast had predicted rain, the afternoon was clear.