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Mechanics mechanics is, in the most general sense, the study of forces and their effect upon matter. typically, engineering mechanics is used to analyze and predict the acceleration and deformation (both elastic and plastic) of objects under known forces (also called loads) or stresses. subdisciplines of mechanics include • statics, the study of non-moving bodies under known loads, how forces affect static bodies • dynamics (or kinetics), the study of how forces affect moving bodies • mechanics of materials, the study of how different materials deform under various types of stress • fluid mechanics, the study of how fluids react to forces[24] • kinematics, the study of the motion of bodies (objects) and systems (groups of objects), while ignoring the forces that cause the motion. kinematics is often used in the design and analysis of mechanisms. • continuum mechanics, a method of applying mechanics that assumes that objects are continuous (rather than discrete) mechanical engineers typically use mechanics in the design or analysis phases of engineering. if the engineering project were the design of a vehicle, statics might be employed to design the frame of the vehicle, in order to evaluate where the stresses will be most intense. dynamics might be used when designing the car's engine, to evaluate the forces in the pistons and cams as the engine cycles. mechanics of materials might be used to choose appropriate materials for the frame and engine. fluid mechanics might be used to design a ventilation system for the vehicle (see hvac), or to design the intake system for the engine. mechatronics and robotics mechatronics is an interdisciplinary branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and software engineering that is concerned with integrating electrical and mechanical engineering to create hybrid systems. in this way, machines can be automated through the use of electric motors, servo-mechanisms, and other electrical systems in conjunction with special software. a common example of a mechatronics system is a cd-rom drive. mechanical systems open and close the drive, spin the cd and move the laser, while an optical system reads the data on the cd and converts it to bits. integrated software controls the process and communicates the contents of the cd to the computer. robotics is the application of mechatronics to create robots, which are often used in industry to perform tasks that are dangerous, unpleasant, or repetitive. these robots may be of any shape and size, but all are preprogrammed and interact physically with the world. to create a robot, an engineer typically employs kinematics (to determine the robot's range of motion) and mechanics (to determine the stresses within the robot robots are used extensively in industrial engineering. they allow businesses to save money on labor, perform tasks that are either too dangerous or too precise for humans to perform them economically, and to ensure better quality. many companies employ assembly lines of robots, especially in automotive industries and some factories are so robotized that they can run by themselves. outside the factory, robots have been employed in bomb disposal, space exploration, and many other fields. robots are also sold for various residential applications, from recreation to domestic applications. structural analysis structural analysis is the branch of mechanical engineering (and also civil engineering) devoted to examining why and how objects fail and to fix the objects and their performance. structural failures occur in two general modes: static failure, and fatigue failure. static structural failure occurs when, upon being loaded (having a force applied) the object being analyzed either breaks or is deformed plastically, depending on the criterion for failure. fatigue failure occurs when an object fails after a number of repeated loading and unloading cycles. fatigue failure occurs because of imperfections in the object: a microscopic crack on the surface of the object, for instance, will grow slightly with each cycle (propagation) until the crack is large enough to cause ultimate failure. failure is not simply defined as when a part breaks, however; it is defined as when a part does not operate as intended. выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. подчеркните составные части оборота и укажите его вид. переведите предложение.

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Механика
Механика-это, в самом общем смысле, изучение сил и их действие на материю. Как правило, теоретическая механика используется для анализа и прогнозирования ускорения и деформации (как в упругой, так и пластической) объектов под известные силы (также называемый нагрузки) или напряжений. Разделы механики включают
• Статика, изучение неподвижных тел при известных нагрузках, как силы влияют на статические органы
• Динамика (или кинетика), изучение того, как силы влияют на движущихся тел
• Сопротивление материалов, наука о том, как различных материалов, деформации при различных видах стресса
• Механика жидкости и газа, изучение того, как жидкости реагируют на силы[24]
• Кинематики, при изучении движения тел (объектов) и систем (групп объектов), игнорируя при этом те силы, которые вызывают движение. Кинематика часто используется в дизайне и анализ механизмов.
• Механики сплошных сред применения механики, которая предполагает, что объекты находятся в непрерывном (а не дискретном)
Инженеры по механическому оборудованию обычно используют механики в дизайн или анализ этапов проектирования. Если инженерный проект были конструкции транспортного средства, статики могут быть использованы для разработки раме транспортного средства, для того чтобы оценивать, где напряжения будут наиболее интенсивными. Динамика может быть использован при проектировании двигателя автомобиля, чтобы оценить свои силы в поршни и кулачки, как циклы двигателя. Сопротивление материалов может быть использован, чтобы выбрать соответствующие материалы для рамы и двигателя. Механика жидкости и может быть использовано в конструкции системы вентиляции автомобиля (см. раздел вентиляции и кондиционирования), или в конструкции системы впуска для двигателя.
Мехатроника и робототехника
Мехатроника-это междисциплинарная отрасль машиностроения, электротехники и инженерии программного обеспечения, что означает объединение в области электротехники и машиностроения для создания гибридных систем. Таким образом, станки могут быть автоматизированы за счет использования электрических двигателей, серво-механизмов, и других электрических систем в сочетании со специальным программным обеспечением. Типичным примером системы, мехатроника компакт-дисков. Системы механического открытия и закрытия привода, вращение компакт-диска и перемещения лазера, в то время как оптическая система считывает данные на CD и преобразовывает его в биты. Интегрированное программное обеспечение управляет процессом и доносит содержимое компакт-диска на компьютер.
Робототехника является применение мехатроники, чтобы создать роботов, которые часто используются в промышленности для выполнения задач, которые являются опасными, неприятными, или повторяющиеся. Эти роботы могут быть любой формы и размера, но все запрограммированы и физически взаимодействовать с миром. На создание робота, инженер обычно использует кинематики (чтобы определить робота диапазон движения) и механика (для определения напряжений в робота).
Роботы широко используются в промышленном строительстве. Они позволяют компаниям экономить деньги на оплату труда, проанализировать задачи, которые являются либо слишком опасно, либо слишком точный для человека, чтобы выполнить их экономно и обеспечения лучшего качества. Многие компании используют линии сборки роботов, особенно в автомобильной промышленности и некоторых фабрик не так автоматизировано, что они могут работать сами по себе. Вне фабрики, роботы были использованы при обезвреживании бомбы, освоение космоса, и многих других областях. Роботы продаются также для различных бытовых применений, от отдыха для бытового применения.
Структурный анализ
Структурный анализ-это отрасль машиностроения (а также гражданское строительство), посвященная изучению почему и как объекты ошибкой и исправить объекты и их характеристики. Структурные отказы происходят в двух основных режима: отказ статического и усталостного разрушения. Статический структурный сбой происходит тогда, когда, по их загрузкой (наличие приложенной силы) анализируемым объектом либо ломается или деформируется пластически, в зависимости от критерия отказа. Усталостное разрушение происходит, когда объект не удается после нескольких повторных циклов погрузки и разгрузки. Усталостное разрушение происходит из-за несовершенства объекта: микроскопические трещины на поверхности объекта, например, будет незначительно расти с каждым циклом (размножения), пока трещины достаточно большие, чтобы вызвать окончательный провал.
Отказ не просто определить, как, когда, однако, границы деталей; она определена как тогда, когда часть не работает как положено.
Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Подчеркните составные части оборота и укажите его вид. Переведите предложение.
Людмила
7. I have a lot of favourite perfomers because I listen to the different styles of music. 8. In my opinion music is such a popular hobby because it helps to relax and have a good rest for our minds. That’s why I suppose that it is a hobby for all people. 9. I don’t think that listening to the music can turn into a kind of addiction, because I don’t know people addicted to music. If such addicted people are so I think music will help them or will interfere with their lives. It’s their own business if they need to develop their taste in music. And I have no idea how can they do it. 11. I know Sergei Rachmaninow. He was virtuosic at perfomance (piano) and he was conducting an orchestra. Also I haerd about  Tchaikovsky, his favourite composer was Mozart. 12. I know such festival like Krym Music Fest. It take place every summer in Yalta. 
fokolimp

I'll start with the fact that an extreme hobby is often an extreme sport. According to surveys of independent organizations extreme sports are becoming more popular not only in our country but also around the world.

On the one hand, young people strive to become independent and strong. Young people think that doing extreme sports, they become more popular and respected among their peers, friends and enemies. They begin mountain Biking, scuba diving, skydiving and other extreme sports.

On the other hand, some of them forget that doing such sports requires special responsibility and serious attitude to themselves and their health. For example, a mountain bike.

When we were kids, we all learned to ride a bike. It was always fun and exciting. Mountain Biking is done through mountains or forests, and of course it is much more dangerous. This is a very risky sport, because while crossing the terrain and hills, you can break your arm or leg, or even get any health problems, but this sport makes people be strong, brave and energetic.

As for me, I love swimming and basketball. Although in my opinion, any sport is risky and dangerous. Basketball too, because every minute you can get injured.

I experienced it myself. We played basketball in class once. Everything was fine. Our team was winning and we were very proud of it. Suddenly the ball hit me in the face. God, it hurt. I was ashamed to cry, but tears poured from my eyes. The next day I had a huge bruise all over my face. Nightmare. I thought I'd never pick up a ball again. But it passed, and I again play my favorite basketball with great pleasure.

In conclusion, I want to say that sport, like any other hobby, should bring joy and help to be healthy, and not to injure people. Every man chooses his own destiny. I chose health and safety.

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Mechanics mechanics is, in the most general sense, the study of forces and their effect upon matter. typically, engineering mechanics is used to analyze and predict the acceleration and deformation (both elastic and plastic) of objects under known forces (also called loads) or stresses. subdisciplines of mechanics include • statics, the study of non-moving bodies under known loads, how forces affect static bodies • dynamics (or kinetics), the study of how forces affect moving bodies • mechanics of materials, the study of how different materials deform under various types of stress • fluid mechanics, the study of how fluids react to forces[24] • kinematics, the study of the motion of bodies (objects) and systems (groups of objects), while ignoring the forces that cause the motion. kinematics is often used in the design and analysis of mechanisms. • continuum mechanics, a method of applying mechanics that assumes that objects are continuous (rather than discrete) mechanical engineers typically use mechanics in the design or analysis phases of engineering. if the engineering project were the design of a vehicle, statics might be employed to design the frame of the vehicle, in order to evaluate where the stresses will be most intense. dynamics might be used when designing the car's engine, to evaluate the forces in the pistons and cams as the engine cycles. mechanics of materials might be used to choose appropriate materials for the frame and engine. fluid mechanics might be used to design a ventilation system for the vehicle (see hvac), or to design the intake system for the engine. mechatronics and robotics mechatronics is an interdisciplinary branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and software engineering that is concerned with integrating electrical and mechanical engineering to create hybrid systems. in this way, machines can be automated through the use of electric motors, servo-mechanisms, and other electrical systems in conjunction with special software. a common example of a mechatronics system is a cd-rom drive. mechanical systems open and close the drive, spin the cd and move the laser, while an optical system reads the data on the cd and converts it to bits. integrated software controls the process and communicates the contents of the cd to the computer. robotics is the application of mechatronics to create robots, which are often used in industry to perform tasks that are dangerous, unpleasant, or repetitive. these robots may be of any shape and size, but all are preprogrammed and interact physically with the world. to create a robot, an engineer typically employs kinematics (to determine the robot's range of motion) and mechanics (to determine the stresses within the robot robots are used extensively in industrial engineering. they allow businesses to save money on labor, perform tasks that are either too dangerous or too precise for humans to perform them economically, and to ensure better quality. many companies employ assembly lines of robots, especially in automotive industries and some factories are so robotized that they can run by themselves. outside the factory, robots have been employed in bomb disposal, space exploration, and many other fields. robots are also sold for various residential applications, from recreation to domestic applications. structural analysis structural analysis is the branch of mechanical engineering (and also civil engineering) devoted to examining why and how objects fail and to fix the objects and their performance. structural failures occur in two general modes: static failure, and fatigue failure. static structural failure occurs when, upon being loaded (having a force applied) the object being analyzed either breaks or is deformed plastically, depending on the criterion for failure. fatigue failure occurs when an object fails after a number of repeated loading and unloading cycles. fatigue failure occurs because of imperfections in the object: a microscopic crack on the surface of the object, for instance, will grow slightly with each cycle (propagation) until the crack is large enough to cause ultimate failure. failure is not simply defined as when a part breaks, however; it is defined as when a part does not operate as intended. выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. подчеркните составные части оборота и укажите его вид. переведите предложение.
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