Though __ earth was cold and wet, __ sky was clear and __ sun was shining brightly

Though the earth was cold and wet, the sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly.

Though _the_ earth was cold and wet, _the_ sky was clear and _the_ sun was shining brightly.

15- 1, 3, 2, 4

16- There are  two types of formal education: general and vocational.

General education commonly transmit cultural heritage and don't prepare trained specialists. We can find examples of general education almost in all elementary education and then in secondary schools.

While general education teaches us skills which we use throughout our life (for example reading, writing and arithmetics), vocational education prepares students for a job! Vocatonal education can teach us more technical subjects and give us a lot of practise. Also, there are some universities and separate professional schools which prepare their students for careers in architecture, business, medicine, music, teaching, and a lot of other fields.

I am reading a book – Я читаю книгу (сейчас).

Don't make a noise, Mary is working – Не шумите, Мария работает.

She is always interrupting me – Она постоянно меня перебивает.

My sister is having her hair cut at the moment – В данный момент моя сестра стрижется.

I'm watching a movie at the moment – В данный момент я смотрю фильм.

Mary is cooking stew and Tom is making a salad – Мария готовит рагу, а Том делает салат.

The children are pretending to brush their teeth – Дети делают вид, что чистят зубы.

We're renting a house at the beach for the rest of the summer – Мы снимаем дом на берегу до конца лета.

Emily is teaching me how to make bread – Эмили учит меня, как делать хлеб.

I am flying first class – Я лечу первым классом.

He isn’t listening to the radio now – Он не слушает радио сейчас.  

My husband is not sleeping. Come in. – Мой муж не спит. Проходите.

My car isn’t being repaired at the moment – Моя машина сейчас не в ремонте.

I'm not touching, just looking – Я ничего не трогаю, просто смотрю.

We are not playing basketball this season – Мы не играем в баскетбол в этом сезоне.

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