НА РУС.ЯЗ
Ки́ви — название плодов культурных сортов растений рода Актини́дия[1][2], принадлежащих к видам Актини́дия кита́йская (лат. Actinidia chinensis) или Актинидия деликатесная (лат. Actinidia deliciosa)[3]. Сами растения представляют собой крупные древовидные лианы родом из Китая[1], поэтому киви иногда называют «китайским крыжовником». В 2017 году Китай произвел 50 % мирового объёма киви[4].
Первое описание киви датируется XII веком во времена династии Сун[5]. В начале XX века выращивание киви распространилось из Китая в Новую Зеландию, где были произведены первые коммерческие посадки[1]. Фрукты стали популярны среди британских и американских военнослужащих, дислоцированных в Новой Зеландии во время Второй мировой войны, а затем стали широко экспортироваться, сначала в Великобританию, а затем в Калифорнию в 1960-х годах[1][6].
НА АНГЛ.ЯЗ
Kiwi is the name of the fruits of cultivated varieties of plants of the genus Actinidia [1] [2], belonging to the species Actinidia chinensis (Latin Actinidia chinensis) or Actinidia deliciosa (Latin Actinidia deliciosa) [3]. The plants themselves are large tree-like lianas native to China[1], so kiwi is sometimes called "Chinese gooseberry". In 2017, China produced 50 % of the world's kiwi production. [4]
The first description of kiwi dates back to the 12th century during the Song Dynasty. [5] In the early 20th century, kiwi cultivation spread from China to New Zealand, where the first commercial plantings were made. [1] The fruit became popular with British and American military personnel stationed in New Zealand during World War II, and then became widely exported, first to the United Kingdom and then to California in the 1960s. [1] [6]
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Сочинение на языке про детей в 19 веке
Child labor in factories (plants), mining has been common in many industrialized countries in Europe and America in the XIX century. Children worked alongside adults up to 14-18 hours a day (sometimes with 5-6 years of age), with them paying for it is several times less. There there were many restrictive internal regulations, for example, forbidden to look in the window at the workplace (which hung from grates or covers on the windows), to play in the breaks for meals.
In Britain, there were more workhouses, where the poor (children and adults) worked forcibly to close the prison conditions. On the most difficult conditions of child labor, he wrote British historian Henry Dzhibbings (Eng.) In the book "Industrial History of England". [4] One of the first attention to the problem of child labor in Britain drew the famous reformer Robert Owen - in 1816 he acted on this in Parliament. Since the end of the XVIII century, and during the XIX future of craft apprentices ( "British slaves," as the writer called them) are usually recruited in workhouses, and when they fall into the "doctrine" in urban factories, do not receive any salary, clothes. Hours of work were limited to only complete exhaustion after the use of various coercive methods to continue working (for example, after beating overseers). Children often worked up to 16 hours, sometimes at night, and on Sunday a clean machine. They fed their very cheap and bad food that was often also to feed the pigs. They slept on dirty beds alternately. Some tried to escape from the factory, and to alert the flight, suspected of this intention children shackle: they worked and slept in chains. Subjected to the same treatment, and young women. Many, unable to withstand overwork, died, and was buried at night in some wild place, so that people could not know the extent of this "slavery". Some kill themselves
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