Перевод текста(нормальный и осмысленный, а не с онлайн переводчика): the magna carta at the heart of the english system are two principles of government – limited government and representative government. the idea that government was not all-powerful first appeared in the magna carta, or great charter, that king john** signed in 1215 under the threat of civil war. earlier kings of england had issued charters, making promises to their barons. but these were granted by, not exacted from the king and were very generally phrased. later the tension between the kings and the nobility increased. since 1199 john’s barons had to be promised their rights. it is, therefore, not surprising that stephen langton, archbishop of canterbury, 35 directed baronial unrest into a demand for a solemn grant of liberties by the king. the document known as the articles of the barons was at last agreed upon and became the text from which the final version of the charter was drafted and sealed by john on june 15, 1215. the magna carta established the principle of limited government, in which the power of the monarch, or government, was limited, not absolute. this document provided for protection against unjust punishment and the loss of life, liberty, and property except according to law. it stipulated that no citizen could be punished or kept in prison without a fair trial. under the magna carta, the king agreed that certain taxes could not be levied without popular consent. although the magna carta was originally intended to protect aristocracy and not the ordinary citizens, it came in time to be regarded as a cornerstone of british liberties. it is one of the oldest written constitutional papers.

Великая хартия вольностей

В основе английской системы лежат два принципа правления - ограниченное правление и представительное правление. Идея о том, что власть не абсолютна, впервые появилась в Великой хартии вольностей, которую в 1215 году король Иоанн (Безземельный) подписал под угрозой гражданской войны.

Ранее короли Англии издавали хартии, давая обещания своим баронам. Но эти хартии даровались королем по его усмотрению, а не по принуждению, и содержали очень общие формулировки. Позже напряженность между королями и знатью возросла. С 1199 года Иоанну приходилось обещать права своим баронам. Поэтому неудивительно, что архиепископ Кентерберийский Стефан Лэнгтон направил недовольство баронов на требование к королю торжественно даровать вольности. Документ, известный как «Статьи баронов», был наконец согласован и стал текстом, на основе которого был составлен окончательный вариант хартии, под которым Иоанн подставил свою печать 15 июня 1215 года.

Великая хартия вольностей установила принцип ограниченного правления, при котором власть монарха или правительства была ограниченной, а не абсолютной. В этом документе предусматривается защита от несправедливого наказания и лишения жизни, свободы и имущества, за исключением случаев, предусмотренных законом. В нем предусматривается, что ни один гражданин не может быть наказан или содержаться в тюрьме без справедливого судебного разбирательства. В соответствии с Великой хартией вольностей король согласился с тем, что некоторые налоги не могут взиматься без согласия народа.

Хотя Великая хартия вольностей первоначально предназначалась для защиты аристократии, а не обычных граждан, она появилась вовремя, чтобы считаться краеугольным камнем британских свобод. Это один из самых старых письменных конституционных документов.

1.Yesterday in 5 hours I read the newspaper.
2 on Sunday from 2 to 4 we worked in the garden
3 we studied English all day
4 when I called him, he was preparing for the lessons 
5 we went to the library, when she met us 
6 what were you doing last Saturday night from 5 hours to 7 hours?
7 when I wrote the letter, he did the exercise in English
8 we were watching TV, and they listened for
9 during lunch he read the newspaper
10 it was already dark when they came out of the woods
11 where you worked today at 9 o'clock in the morning?
12 I was waiting for you from 3 to 4 and then left

1. I have been meeting my friends very often during winter.
2. Let's go. There is no time to lose. We shall come back before sunrise.
3. She began dressing up for lunch she was invited to.
4. Kelly was pale and complained of a headache.
5. Do you go to the church?
6. It was late autumn, the birds have flown away to the south.
7. Think about the huge breakfast you have had.
8. She had a sore throat and a high temperature. The doctor found influenza and insisted on taking her to a hospital.
9. On an autumn day we came to the sea. The sea was calm.
10. Missis Johnson had to go to school to discuss her son's behavior.
11. Last summer we went to Rome.
12. It was a warm spring day.
13. During supper you didn't feel like eating and barely touched the food. 
14. He had a heart attack and he couldn't go with us.
15. Every morning I go to the hospital and start the examination of patients.
16. After the bank robbery Thompson has been jailed. His mother didn't believe her son was guilty and every Sunday after church she headed to the jail to see him.
17. Winter which Mrs. Brown spent in India was the best time in her life.
18. He had the whole night ahead of him.
19. At lunch everyone was speaking about the upcoming event.
20. Tom had got a cold, he was coughing and complaining of an earache.
21. Fishermen put to sea early in the morning and came back by the evening catching a lot of fish.
22. They should have come back in early spring.
23. The night seemed to be very quite.
24. I will suggest you the best dinner you can get in this town.
25. A new school was built close to our house.
26. When his tooth started aching he decided not to wait and went to dentist.
27. I had a hard day.
28. When the Johnsons had children they decided to move from the city and bought a house in a village. Every morning Mr. Johnson had to go for work to the city. When children got older Mr. Johnson kept delivering them to school in the city. Mrs. Johnson went shopping to the city once in two weeks.
29. I won't forget the day when I stepped across your threshold for the first time.
30. Every summer we go to the sea.
31. Day and night I want to know where you are.
32. The school is on the hill. It is visible from far away.
33. I want to see you tomorrow morning.