Напишите 5-8 предложений.some television programmes are so much chewing gum for the eyes.

At the moment, there is no consensus on what the preconditions for the collapse of the USSR do not exist. However, most scholars are united in the fact that their beginnings were laid in the very ideology of the Bolsheviks, which, albeit in many respects formally, recognized the right of nations to self-determination. The weakening of central power has provoked the formation of new power centers on the outskirts of the state. It is worth noting that similar processes occurred in the very beginning of the 20th century, in the period of revolutions and the collapse of the Russian Empire.
In short, the causes of the collapse of the USSR are as follows:
a crisis provoked by the planned nature of the economy and leading to a shortage of many consumer goods;unsuccessful, in many respects unreasoned, reforms, which led to a sharp deterioration in the standard of living;massive discontent of the population with interruptions in food supplies;an ever-widening gap in the standard of living between citizens of the USSR and citizens of the countries of the capitalist camp;aggravation of national contradictions;weakening of central authority;the authoritarian nature of Soviet society, including strict censorship, the prohibition of the church and so on.Here are the consequences of the collapse of the USSR:
• a sharp decline in production in all countries of the former USSR and a drop in the standard of living of the population;
• the territory of Russia decreased by a quarter;
• Access to seaports has once again become more difficult;
• the population of Russia has decreased - in fact, by half;
• the emergence of numerous national conflicts and the emergence of territorial claims between the former Soviet republics;
• Globalization has begun - processes that transformed the world into a single political, information, and economic system were gradually gaining momentum;
• The world became unipolar, and the only superpower was the United States.

History contains a lot of stories about people who should have been a little bit more careful. In 1576 the explorer Sir Martin Frobisher sailed to the north of Canada trying to find a way to Asia. Unfortunately, he (find) COULDN’T FIND it, but during the voyage, his men landed on Baffin Island as they(look for) HAD TO LOOK FOR food and shelter. Here he discovered some rocks which he thought contained gold. When he returned to England he showed the piece of rock to people who agreed that it was gold, and Frobisher returned to the island with a larger ship. It was a difficult journey, as the ship (avoid)COULDN’T AVOIDhuge icebergs. On the island there were polar bears which (kill) SHOULD HAVE KILLED a man quite easily. And Frobisher was worried that someone else would get to the gold first. Perhaps he (tell) SHOULDN’T HAVE TOLD so many people about his discovery, he thought. But he (worry) DIDN’T NEED TO WORRY about his secret. He found the place again, and his men (work)COULD WORKin the freezing weather to dig for the gold. They returned to England again, and this time he (stop) DIDN’T HAVE TO STOP his discovery from becoming generally known. More and more people wanted to go to Baffin Island, and the next year the ships came back with hundreds of tonnes of gold. Unfortunately, this is where things went wrong. When Frobisher tried to sell the gold, he discovered that perhaps he (show)NEEDN’T HAVE SHOWED it to more people in the first place. The people he had showed it to had been wrong. They(tell) COULDN’T TELL the difference between gold and iron pyrite, a compound of iron and sulphur. Everyone laughed at Sir Martin and his men, and he (admit) HAD TO ADMITthat he had made a mistake.

TEST

1. They hate each other. They CAN’T BE in love.

a) can be b) may be c) can't be d) can't have been

2. He loves her so much! He MUST HAVE MISSED her when she is away.

a) must have missed b) must be missing c) may have missed d) can't have missed

3. It is eight o'clock. They SHOULD HAVE COME soon.

a) can come b) should have come c) must have come d) must be coming

4. What's that smell! My mother MUST be cooking dinner.

a) must b) might c) can't d) could

5. - Where is Nick? — I am not sure. He MIGHT be playing the piano.

a) mustn't b) might c) can't d) may

6. You MUSTN’T be joking! No one enjoys taking exams!

a) ought b) mustn't c) must d) might

7. They CAN’T get married! They are so different.

a) mustn't b) can't c) couldn't d) may not

8. He SHOULD be ill because I've just spoken to him.

a) can b) must c)should d) can't

9. His train CAN’T be late because it is always on time.

a) can c) shouldn't

b) can't d) ought

10. It is only ten a.m. She MUST BE at school now.

a) must be b) should have been c) could be d) have be

11. Mary SHOULD be in this room. It is her voice.

a) must b) should c) have to d) need

12. Do not phone me at eight o'clock. I MIGHT be watching the football match on TV.

a) could not b) can c) should d) might