Переведите текст. economic systems people and societies organize economic life to deal with the basic problems through economic systems. an economic system can be described as the collection of institutions, laws, incentives, activities that govern economic relationships among people in a society and provide a framework for answering the basic economic questions. most economic systems use one or more of three basic methods to make economic decisions: tradition, command and markets. so economic systems are classified into four broad categories, according to how most economic decisions are made. these are traditional, command, market and mixed economies. traditional economies. people generally repeat the decisions made at the earlier time or by an earlier generation. can just anyone be king or queen of england? tradition answers that question. in the us, women were strongly directed to certain «traditional» occupations for many years, such as teaching, raising children, nursing and being librarians. command economies. they rely almost totally on government to make economic decision through centralized authorities. the government owns all the major productive resources. the former ussr and some other eastern bloc countries are examples of countries where government decisions were dominant. market economies. most productive resources are owned by private individuals (as household or through business they own individuals make economic decisions in response to market signals and on the basis of their own preferences. mixed economies. the economic system used in most countries lies between the two extremes of command and market economies. mixed economies answer the basic economic questions partly through government, with some decisions based on tradition as well.

Люди и общества организуют экономическую жизнь для решения основных проблем через экономические системы. Экономическую систему можно охарактеризовать как совокупность институтов, законов, стимулов, видов деятельности, регулирующих экономические отношения между людьми в обществе и обеспечивающих основу для ответа на основные экономические вопросы.

Большинство экономических систем используют один или более из трех основных методов принятия экономических решений: традиции, командование и рынки. Таким образом, экономические системы подразделяются на четыре широкие категории, в соответствии с тем, как принимается большинство экономических решений . Существуют традиционная, командная, рыночная и смешанная экономики.

Традиционная экономика. Люди, как правило, повторяют решения, принятые в более раннее время или более ранним поколением. Любой ли человек может быть королем или королевой Англии? Традиция отвечает на этот вопрос. В США женщин в течение многих лет решительно направляли в определенные «традиционные» профессии, такие, как преподавание, воспитание детей, уход за больными и работа библиотекарями.

Командная экономика. Такие системы почти полностью полагаются на правительство, чтобы принимать экономические решения через централизованные органы власти. Правительство владеет всеми основными производственными ресурсами. Бывший СССР и некоторые другие страны восточного блока являются примерами стран, где доминирующими были решения правительства.

Рыночные экономические системы. Большинство производственных ресурсов принадлежат частным лицам (как домашним хозяйствам, так и посредством собственного бизнеса). Частные лица принимают экономические решения в ответ на рыночные сигналы и на основе собственных предпочтений.

Смешанная экономика. Экономическая система, используемая в большинстве стран, находится между двумя крайностями - командной и рыночной экономикой. Смешанные экономические системы отвечают на основные экономические вопросы частично через правительство, причем некоторые решения также основываются на традициях.

answer: what to see in kiev in the first place?

excursions in kiev are so numerous and diverse that it is quite difficult to make their rating. in our opinion, every tourist should see such sights of kiev as:

1. kiev pechersk lavra

kiev-pechersk lavra, a revered orthodox relic

the legendary historical and architectural object of the city. date of construction-1051 year. lavra is famous for its unique churches, colorful towers and mysterious caves with the remains of saints. a trip here for divine blessing is planned annually by thousands of believers.

2. sophia cathedral

st. sophia in kiev-christian cathedral in the center of kiev

what to visit in kiev fans of historical and religious masterpieces? this building of the 11th century, created in the baroque style. the interior presented a remarkable mosaics and ancient frescoes: among them the famous mosaic artwork the virgin orans.

3. vladimir cathedral

vladimir cathedral is named after the baptist of russia, grand duke vladimir svyatoslavich

the creation of the temple in the byzantine style took about 20 years. the building with paintings of ukrainian and russian masters has eclectic forms and heavy proportions.

4. nicholas church

the facade of the nicholas church is made in the style of medieval gothic

few places of interest in kiev have such majestic architecture as this church with its original patterned decor. inside the roman catholic church is the house of organ and chamber music.

5. st. andrew's church

st. andrew's church was built by francesco bartolomeo rastrelli

beautiful orthodox church in baroque style. the building is made in the form of a cross, with each of the four corners are decorative turrets in the central part-a beautiful dome.

6. andreevsky descent

convenient and shortest way (720 meters) connects the upper central part of kiev with hem

where to go in kiev to get into the spirit of the real capital of ukraine? to this famous area with its many attractions: the museum of one street, the bulgakov museum, richard's castle and st. andrew's temple. the street is surrounded by green hills and inhabited by traders handicrafts. experienced guides in kiev recommend to go for souvenirs here.

7. st. michael's golden-domed monastery

st. michael's golden-domed monastery was built in 1108-1113 by prince svyatopolk izyaslavich

the name of the temple was given in honor of its gilded dome. the current building of the monastery with 7 domes, built in 1999, was the replacement of the ancient cathedral of 1108.

8. the castle of richard the lion — heart

the house is in a old castle located on andriyivskyy descent, at the foot of mount vestiality

the former owners of the castle in the neo-gothic style of the 19th century were counts orlov. the building is associated with many legends, one of which says about the evil spirits living here. today, this centuries-old myth is debunked: immured bottles were found in the walls – it was their necks that produced mysterious sounds similar to the howling of unearthly creatures.

9. house with chimeras the house with chimeras serves as the residence of the head of state

the original architecture of the building of the 20th century (art nouveau style). the interior and facade of the house "guard" sculptures and images of inhabitants of the underwater world, magical creatures and animals. if you are set up to see this sights of ukraine, buy a ticket in advance. tours of the inner halls are held on strictly defined days and hours.

10. khreshchatyk street

wide and short enough central street of the city alina v ozna the main pedestrian street of the city, a length of 1.3 kilometers. famous because of its nearby baptized prince vladimir. today it hosts the most significant events and public holidays.

11. the landscape alley

tree of life landscape alley elena zarubina opening date-2009. the alley is a landscaped and landscaped area for recreation of citizens and guests of the capital. there are funny sculptures, benches and a park for children.

12. taras shevchenko opera house the national opera of ukraine — an architectural ornament of kiev

it was built instead of the former kiev theater, destroyed by fire. on the stage sang and danced with such famous ballet and opera artists as chaliapin, gmyrya, hayday. this place is often included in the list of "the best sights of kiev" also due to the fact that more than 100 years ago there was killed stolypin.

13. building of the national bank of ukraine the building of the national bank of ukraine is located in the area of pechora lipok

the building in the venetian style is called one of the most majestic and beautiful in the country. the magnificent facade of the bank has remained unchanged since its construction in 1905. periodically, it is only updated.

объяснение:

Porcupine is a rodent that lives in Southeast Asia, South Europe and in the countries of Asia Minor and the Middle East. Also this animal can be found in Sri Lanka and in Indochina. These rodents, which are noticeable from afar, inhabit mostly mountainous terrain, but they can also live in deserts, on plains.

 

Most of the time, the porcupine lurks in caves, under tree roots or between stones. Rodents dig themselves large holes in soft soils - at times the porcupine hole can reach 10 meters in length. Agile animals try to find themselves such a refuge, from which it will be possible to get out at least two ways.

ПЕРЕВОД:
Дикобраз — грызун, который обитает на Юго-Востоке Азии, Юге Европы и в станах Малой Азии и Ближнего Востока. Также это животное можно встретить на Шри-Ланке и в Индокитае. Эти заметные издалека грызуны заселяют в основном горные местности, но также они могут обитать и в пустынях, на равнинах.

Большую часть времени дикобраз скрывается в пещерах, под корнями деревьев или между камнями. Грызуны роют себе большие норы в мягких почвах — порой нора дикобраза может достигать 10 метров в длину. Проворные животные пытаются найти себе такое убежище, из которого можно будет выбраться хотя-бы двумя путями.