Спереводом the railroad track the track is one of the basic features of a railway. it is also called the permanent way. in the early days of railroad building the workers first had to lay temporary tracks to transport the materials to the construction site. and only after that they laid down the permanent tracks or the permanent way, as it was called. the railroad track of today is quite different from the track used in the early days of railways. the first tracks had no ballast, the rails were made of wood and rested on heavy blocks of granite. then the wooden rails were replaced by iron ones, and the granite blocks were replaced by wooden ties or sleepers. this kind of track, however, was not strong enough for heavy steam trains. the discovery how to make cheap steel was of great importance to the railways for, when placed in the same track, steel rails had a life 15 times as long as iron rails. the distance between the rails is called the gauge. the standard gauge in most countries is 1, 435 mm while in russia the railroads have a gauge of 1, 524 mm. that gauge was finally adopted when the first main-line moscow – st. petersburg railway was under construction (1842–1851 thus russia was the world's first country where the uniform gauge was adopted for all railways. in america, the gauge was unified only in 1886. the place where the ends of the railds meet in the trace is known as the rail joint .the rail joint has always been the weakest part of the track for nearly all the rails wear out first at the ends .some railroads have 2 or more traces 2 in order to make the trains pass from one track to an other the railroads have a switch which is a very important element of the track.

Железнодорожный путь
Трасса является одной из основных особенностей железной дороги. Он также называется
верхнее строение пути. В первые дни строительства железной дороги рабочие впервые имели
прокладывать временные пути для транспортировки материалов на стройплощадку.
И только после этого они заложили постоянные дорожки или постоянного
Кстати, как это называлось.
Сегодня железнодорожная трасса отличается от дорожки, используемой в
ранние дни железных дорог. Первые треки не имели , рельсы
из дерева и уперлись на тяжелые блоки из гранита. Затем деревянные рельсы
были заменены металлическими, и гранитные блоки были заменены деревянные
галстуки или шпалы. Этот вид трека, однако, не был достаточно сильным для
тяжелые паровые поезда. Открытие дешевые стали очень
значение для железных дорог для, при размещении в том же пути, стальные рельсы были
жизнь 15 раз до тех пор, как железные рельсы.
Расстояние между рельсами называется датчиком. Стандарт
колеи в большинстве стран составляет 1435 мм, в то время как в России железные дороги имеют
колеи 1524 мм. Этот прибор был окончательно принят, когда первый основной линии
Строилась железная дорога Москва – Санкт-Петербург (1842-1851). Итак
Россия стала первой в мире страной, где был принят единый датчик
для всех железных дорог. В Америке, датчик был унифицирован только в 1886 году.
Место, где концы рельсов встречаются в следе, называется железнодорожным соединением .Рельсовый шарнир всегда был самой слабой частью рельса, поскольку почти все рельсы сначала изнашиваются на концах .Некоторые железные дороги имеют 2 или более трасс 2 для того, чтобы поезда переходили от одного пути к другому железные дороги имеют переключатель, который является очень важным элементом пути

1. He  turns on the television to watch cartoons every morning. 2. He  turned on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning. 3. He will  turn on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morning. 4. I always go to the Altai Mountains to visit my relatives there. 5. I was very busy last summer and I did not go there. 6. I will not go there next year because it costs a lot of money and I can’t afford it. 7. Did they enjoy themselves at the symphony yesterday evening? 8. Who will take care of the child in the future? 9. How often do you go to the dentist’s? 10. We did not have very good weather, but we still had a good time during our short stay in London

1. He turn) on the television to watch cartoons every morning. 2. He turned) on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning. 3. He will turn) on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morn­ing. 4. I always  go) to the Altai Mountains to visit my relatives
there. 5. I was very busy last sum­mer and I did not  go) there. 6. I will not go there next year because it costs/will cost a lot of money and I can't afford it. 7. Did they enjoy) themselves at the symphony yesterday evening? 8. Who will take) care of the child in the future? 9. How often do you go) to the dentist's? 10. We did not have) very good weather, but we still had a good time during our short stay in London. 11. She does all the washing in their house. 12. He doesn't even even know how to use the washing machine. 13. Two years ago they were rich and money was never a problem. 14. Do you think) you will be) happy in your new neighbourhood? 15. When will the cabbage soup be) ready? 16. The customs officers at JFK airport in New York arrested that young man when he arrived). 17. I like) to get on with my friends, so I often do) what they want). 18. When was  your birthday? 19. When did you get) your watch? 20. Who created Mickey Mouse?