Переведите, health care in russia. health care in russia, both preventive and curative, is available to the whole population. the most distinctive feature of it is the attention paid to prophylaxis. one of the main tasks in the fight against various diseases is the early detection of the first signs of disease. we pay much attention to the health education of the population. we believe that is one of the main available methods of preventing the spread of diseases. for this purpose the press, cinema, radio and television are very helpful. the basic medical unit in our country is the polyclinic. polyclinics are large medical centres employing many doctors and nurses. polyclinics have their own laboratories and x-ray, physiotherapy, surgical and dental departments. we have polyclinics for the adult population and for children. ambulant patients are seen at the polyclinic by district doctors. patients who are seriously ill are visited by their district doctor at home. the doctor works 6 hours a day. for the district doctor this is made up of 3 hours seeing patients at the polyclinic and 3 hours in visiting patients in their homes. the emergency ambulance service operates day and night and is free of charge. the ambulances are equipped with diagnostic, respiratory and anaesthetic apparatus, as well as blood-transfusion and other devices, which enable the doctor to give emergency surgical and medical treatment. there are several specialised hospitals in russia for the treatment of particular diseases – infectious and psychiatric diseases, cancer and ophthalmological diseases and others. the mother-and-child health care centre is in moscow. this centre deals with not only routine problems of obstetrics and gynaecology but also with research in the normal physiology of a female organism starting from an early stage of development. the main task of this centre is to ensure the birth of a healthy child. at present, there have emerged a number of private diagnostic and consultation centres, general hospitals and specialised clinics. medical and health care is provided in line with compulsory and voluntary medical insurance programmes set up by the state via private insurance companies.
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1. The US is situated in the central part of the North American continent.
2. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
3. The weather is very different in the USA. The climate of the country varies greatly from arctic in Alaska, through continental in the central part to subtropical in the south. The coldest weather is in the north of the country (40 degrees below zero) in winter. The south has the subtropical climate with temperature 49 degrees above zero in summer.
4. The US scenery varies across the large country from tropical beaches in Florida to peaks in the Rocky Mountains, from rolling prairie lands and barren deserts in the West to dense wilderness areas in the Northeast and Northwest.
5. The population of the country is more than 325 million people.
6. The Great Lakes, the Grand Canyon, the majestic Yosemite Valley and Yellowstone National Park are the most famous places to enjoy the beauty and power of wild America.
7. The mighty rivers of America are the Mississippi River, the Missouri River and the Colorado River.
8. In the USA here are big mountain chains: the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada.
9. The Grand Canyon attracts people with its immense size and spectacular colours. It is very beautiful with different kinds of plants and animals on opposite sides of the canyon.
10. People say that the US is a young country because it has only been independent for around three hundred years.
11. Americans like to have fun and enjoy their free time. They like going shopping, outdoor activities, going out with friends and watching games on TV or in a stadium. They are interested in sports: football, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, tennis and golf.
12. I think that the U.S. is a "melting pot" because there are so many different social groups from different religious, ethnic, racial and cultural backgrounds. No other place in the world has such a diverse population.
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Основным медицинским подразделением в нашей стране является поликлиника. Поликлиники, крупные медицинские центры работают многие врачи и медсестры. Поликлиники имеют собственные лаборатории и рентгеновские, физиотерапевтические, хирургические и стоматологические отделения. У нас есть поликлиники для взрослого населения и для детей. В поликлинике амбулаторные пациенты наблюдаются районными врачами. Пациенты, которые серьезно больны посещают своего участкового врача на дом. Врач работает 6 часов в день. Для районного врача это состоит из 3 часов приема пациентов в поликлинике и 3 часов посещения пациентов в их домах.
Скорая медицинская работает круглосуточно и бесплатно. Скорая оснащена диагностическим, дыхательным и анестетическим аппаратом, а также переливанием крови и другими приборами, которые позволяют врачу оказывать неотложное хирургическое и медицинское лечение.
В России существует несколько специализированных больниц для лечения отдельных заболеваний – инфекционных и психических, онкологических и офтальмологических и др. Центр здоровья матери и ребенка находится в Москве. Центр занимается не только рутинными проблемами акушерства и гинекологии, но и исследованиями нормальной физиологии женского организма, начиная с раннего этапа развития. Главная задача этого центра-обеспечить рождение здорового ребенка.
В настоящее время создан ряд частных диагностических и консультационных центров, больниц общего профиля и специализированных клиник. Медицинская и медицинская предоставляется в соответствии с программами обязательного и добровольного медицинского страхования, созданными государством через частные страховые компании.