Прочитайте текст. определите, какие из утверждений 10–17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – true), какие не соответствуют (2 – false) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – not stated в поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа. doughnuts doughnuts, a delicious snack, need no special occasion to eat them; they are the side order to coffee, tea or milk and can easily make you popular around the office. they are consumed all over the world – the usa alone makes more than 10 billion doughnuts a year. the origin of the doughnut is heavily debated. the idea of fried dough does not belong to one country or culture. the exact place, time and person responsible for creating the doughnut is also unknown. however, the two countries generally associated with this sweet snack are the united states and holland. records show that the dutch were making olykoeks, or ‘oil cakes’, as early as the mid-19th century. these early doughnuts were simply balls of cake fried in pork fat until golden brown. however, there was a problem with doughnuts. the centre of the doughnuts did not cook as fast as the outside and remained mostly uncooked. that was the reason why the cakes were stuffed with fruit, nuts, or other fillings that did not take long to cook. the doughnuts got a hole inside only after their arrival in america. there is a very popular half-true story about a sea captain and his mother, which explains how it happened. as legend has it, mrs. gregory sent her son, captain hanson gregory, on one of his sea voyages with several doughnuts and her recipe to make more. but hanson didn't like nuts, so he took them out and ordered the ship's cook to prepare all doughnuts with holes in the centre. we may never know if captain gregory really invented the first doughnut hole. however, we can be sure that this hole was a very positive change. now it was much easier to get well-done and cooked-through doughnuts. by the 1920s, doughnuts were being mass-produced in america. their association with breakfast was only the beginning and the doughnut was very popular as a snack in theatres. to satisfy the growing need for doughnuts in one new york neighborhood, a russian immigrant named adolph levitt created the first doughnut machine. in 1934 the doughnut was declared ‘the hit food of the century of progress’. levitt made twenty-five million dollars annually from the sale of his doughnut machines to bakeries. the 1940s and 50s, saw the arrival of doughnut chains such as krispy kreme doughnuts and dunkin' donuts. they say it was the dunkin donuts chain that popularized the 'donut' spelling of the word ‘doughnut’ by making it part of its name! today, most writers outside the usa still prefer ‘doughnut’. ‘donut’ appears about a third of the time in published american writing. however, as ‘donut’ is a simpler spelling it will certainly become more commonly used. the americans are so fond of doughnuts that they celebrate national doughnut day. it is on the first friday in june and honours the ‘doughnut girls’. these were the female volunteers who made doughnuts and served them to american soldiers fighting in france during world war i. the french women wanted to bring comfort and optimism into soldiers’ life by giving them a taste of the food they had back home. the usa produces more doughnuts than all the other countries in the world. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated the fillings in doughnuts were first added to make them well-cooked. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated mrs. gregory was the best doughnut cook in her town? 1) true 2) false 3) not stated mrs. gregory invented doughnuts with a hole in the centre. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated at the beginning of the 20th century, doughnuts became very popular in the united states. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated the doughnut machine brought its inventor lots of money. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated the spelling ‘donut’ is more popular in the us than anywhere else. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated the ‘doughnut girls’ was the name for women who served in the army during world war i. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated

The USA produces more doughnuts than all the other countries in the world.

3) Not stated 

The fillings in doughnuts were first added to make them well-cooked.

2) True 

Mrs. Gregory was the best doughnut cook in her town? 

3) Not stated

Mrs. Gregory invented doughnuts with a hole in the centre.

2) False

At the beginning of the 20th century, doughnuts became very popular in the United States.

3) Not stated

The doughnut machine brought its inventor lots of money.

1) True

The spelling ‘donut’ is more popular in the US than anywhere else.

1) True   

The ‘Doughnut Girls’ was the name for women who served in the army during World War I.

 2) False

In Novosibirsk there are many sights: Novosibirsk state teatroper and the ballet – the largest theatrical building of Russia, the hundred-apartment house constructed on the project of the well-known architect, the Novosibirsk zoo possessing a collection more than in 600 animal species and others. In my city the fighter pilot, the Hero of the Soviet Union first three times, the marshal of aircraft Alexander Pokryshkin was born. In the city there is a Tolmachevo airport, it has the international status. In Novosibirsk there are more than 16 operating movie theaters, in it also there are a lot of museums, library of temples. The Novosibirsk stadium "Spartak" – one of the oldest constructions of the city is very known. I am proud of that in we wash the favourite city such remarkable sights. Whether everyone can tell so about the city? I think that isn't present! The pleasure and pride overflow me! I consider that my city the most beautiful, the best, lives in it many interesting people. In the city there are a lot of parks, squares, it very "green". Every year it becomes all more beautiful, more interestingly. I hope, Novosibirsk will become even better. I very much love it and I think that never I will leave the native and favourite city

Объяснение:

SCOTLAND

     Although Scotland forms a part of the United Kingdom, it has a distinct character of its own. In area it is more than half as big as England. Its population is, however, only one-eighth as great — about 5 200 000.

     Scotland is a land of romance and it has had a most eventful history. The Picts and Celts lived there before the coming of the Romans to Britain. Those Northern tribes worried the Romans so much that the Great Wall was built to protect the Roman camps in the Northern part of England.

     It was in the 11th century that the Normans began to settle in Scotland. Almost all of Scotland's history is associated with and reflected in many castles and forts that are to be seen all over the country. They are very picturesque, having retained their medieval features: stern, proud, impressive, perched high on a rock or at a hillside. Mary, Queen of Scots, the beautiful Mary Stuart was married in one of them, her son James (who was to become James I of England) was born in another.

     And now some words about the Highlands. For centuries the Highlands were a strange land, where the king's law common to all the rest of the country, wasn't even known, where C Long after the rest of Britain adopted modern ways they kept to the old life.

     In 1603 King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England too, and from then onwards the countries were under the same monarch, though the Act of Union was not passed until 1707. This Act incorporated Scotland with England in the United Kingdom, but the Scots kept their own legal system, religion and administration, centred in Edinburgh.

     Edinburgh – the capital of Scotland has always been admired as one of the most beautiful cities. Glasgow – its second city – always had a bad reputation. It was too often seen as a dirty, run-down urban area. But no longer. The buildings have been cleaned up, the streets are tidy and the people now take an obvious pride in their city. Glasgow was chosen to be the cultural capital of Europe 1890.

Not far from Glasgow there is one of the most famous of Scotland's many lakes (called «lochs»), Loch Lomond. Scottish numerous valleys are known as «glens». Scotland is a country with an intense and living national tradition of a kind only too rare in the modern world. It has its distinctive national dress, the kilt, worn only by men. It also has its own typical musical instruments (the pipes, sometimes called «the bagpipes»), its own national form of dancing, its own songs, language, traditions and education. Scotland has even its own national drink, a fact so widely known that one need only ask for «Scotch».

Notes

      The Picts and Celts – пикты и кельты (племена)

      tribe — племя

      camp — лагерь

      to pass the Act — принять Акт/Закон (в парламенте)

Тranslate using the text

1.полный событий 11.грязная, жалкая местность

2.доставлять неприятности 12.явная гордость

3.заселять 13.не далеко от

4.замок 14.многочисленные долины

5.живописный 15.сохранять

6.средневековые качества 16.располагались высоко

7.законы короля 17.иметь плохую репутацию

8.объединять 18.национальная одежда для мужчин

9.сохранить свою собственную религию 19.волынка

10.иметь плохую репутацию 20.широко известен

2. Comprehension Check. Complete the sentences.

    1. Scotland forms...

    2. The Northern tribes...

    3. Mary Stuart...

    4. The kilt...

3. Answer the questions.

     1. What is the population of Scotland?

     2. Why was the Great Wall built?

     3. Why are there so many castles in the country?

     4. What have you learnt about the Highlands?

     5. When was the Act of Union passed?

     6. What's the country's second city?

     7. What do they call Scottish valleys and lakes?

     8. Are national traditions still alive in Scotland?

4. Put down words, and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Scotland has … history.

2.The Great Wall was built … in the Northern part of England.

3. Scotland's history is associated with … that are to be seen all over the country.

4. The Highlands were a strange land, where the king's law …

5. The Scots kept their… , centred in Edinburgh.

6. Glasgow was seen … area.

7.People now … in Glasgow.

8. The kilt is … , worn only by men.