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Перевести текст. pity the billionaires. this year's forbes list of the world's billionaires is out, and as usual, the news is bad. you didn't make it. neither did i. but you may have imagined that you did. you may have fantasized about what it would be like to have multiple homes, to cruise around on your yacht and spend time counting your cash. if you are in business, you may even derive some tepid comfort from knowing that the club isn't closed. indeed, the overall number of billionaires found by forbes was 691 this time around, up from 587 the previous year. in other words, there's hope. but even if billionaire status never arrives, allow me to set your yearnings at ease. do not envy these people. for most of the superrich, the benefits of each additional dollar of wealth reached the vanishing point long ago. i can't speak from experience, of course, but in all likelihood, having billions does not offer significant advantages over having mere millions and it imposes the disadvantage of some major burdens. the focus on billionaires obscures a sad fallacy, one embodied for most of us not so much in the assets of bill gates -- still at the top of the forbes list -- as in the lure of the lottery. the prospect of big lottery prizes typically sets off a ticket-buying frenzy among throngs of people who variously hope to quit their boring jobs, pay their debts and secure their children's future by winning. but their behavior makes little sense, except to the extent that they are buying entertainment. for most of them, a scant million or two would solve almost all the problems that a billion would. sensible lottery players seek the more favorable odds of winning a smaller but still transformative prize instead of lining up for an infinitesimally small chance of winning a meaninglessly gigantic sum that offers few marginal benefits. people make this kind of mistake all the time. that humans are so strikingly bad at weighing risks and rewards is one of the great paradoxes of evolution, and it makes you wonder how we outlasted the mastodons.the lottery fallacy is sad because so many more of us could become millionaires, as was amply demonstrated by thomas j. stanley and william d. danko in their fascinating book, "the millionaire next door." they found that inheritances or even extended educations aren't necessary; the main requirement, given time and a decent income, is thrift.becoming a millionaire offers a measure of security, as well as access to better health care and schools. consider that each $1 million in capital invested in a conservative mix of stocks and bonds would comfortably throw off something like the average annual household income -- about $44, 000. while a net worth of $1 million would put you in the top 7 percent of american households, you should not assume that it will make you deliriously happy; the weak connection between money and happiness is well established, at least for those of us already fortunate enough to be living a standard middle-class lifestyle. billions of dollars, on the other hand, would distort your life in so many ways that they just aren't worth it. billionaires often worry about their personal safety and that of their families. they may also worry about whether people really like them or their money, about how to avoid producing hopelessly spoiled or feckless children and about their own potential for psychologically destructive "maximizing" behavior. "maximizers" search compulsively for the best of everything, with perennial disappointment a main result. if there are good reasons to become a billionaire, they are largely altruistic. making all that money means that you are probably providing something that people need or want -- a good thing in its own right. the capital you have accumulated should result in jobs, innovation and economic growth, even as your tax payments underwrite services for the rest of society. if you like, you can create a foundation to direct the earnings of your capital to good works. you can even give all the money away. all in all, billionaires are useful to society, and assuming they didn't become rich by nefarious means, we should thank them for taking the trouble. it's a dirty job, after all, but somebody's got to do it.

Английский язык

Ответы

papushinrv4985
Жаль миллиардеров.
В этом году список Forbes миллиардеров мира вышел, и, как обычно, новости плохие. Вы этого не сделали. Я тоже.

Но вы могли подумать, что вы это сделали. Вы, возможно, фантазировали о том, что было бы, например, иметь несколько домов, путешествовать на яхте и тратить время на подсчет ваших денег. Если вы находитесь в бизнесе, вы даже можете получить некоторый прохладный комфорт, зная, что клуб не закрыт. Действительно, общее количество миллиардеров, найденных Forbes, составило 691 на этот раз, по сравнению с 587 годом ранее. Другими словами, есть надежда.

Но даже если статус миллиардера никогда не прибудет, позвольте мне успокоить ваши стремления. Не завидуйте этим людям. Для большей части superrich преимущества каждого дополнительного доллара богатства давно достигли точки схода. Разумеется, я не могу говорить по опыту, но, по всей вероятности, миллиарды не обладают значительными преимуществами по сравнению с миллионами, и это накладывает недостаток некоторого большого бремени. Фокус на миллиардеров затмевает печальную ошибку, которая была воплощена для большинства из нас не столько в активах Билла Гейтса - все еще на вершине списка Форбса, как в примане лотереи.

Перспектива крупных лотерейных призов, как правило, выдает безумие покупки билетов среди толпы людей, которые по-разному надеются покинуть свои скучные рабочие места, выплатить свои долги и обеспечить будущее своих детей победой. Но их поведение имеет мало смысла, за исключением того, что они покупают развлечения. Для большинства из них немногим меньше двух или почти всех проблем, которые миллиард будет. Разумные игроки лотереи ищут более благоприятные шансы выиграть меньший, но все еще преобразующий приз, вместо того, чтобы выстраиваться в линию для бесконечно малого шанса выиграть бессмысленно гигантскую сумму, которая предлагает несколько предельных преимуществ.

Люди делают такую ​​ошибку все время. То, что люди настолько поразительно плохи в взвешивании рисков, и награды - один из великих парадоксов эволюции, и это заставляет задуматься о том, как мы пережили мастодонты. Ошибочность лотереи печальна, потому что многие из нас могут стать миллионерами, как это было хорошо продемонстрировано Томасом Дж. Стэнли и Уильямом Д. Данко в их увлекательной книге «Миллионер по соседству». Они обнаружили, что наследование или даже расширенное образование не нужны; основное требование, учитывая время и приличный доход, - это бережливость. Выигрывая миллионер, он предлагает меру безопасности, а также доступ к лучшему медицинскому обслуживанию и школам. Считайте, что каждый капитал в размере 1 миллиона долларов, инвестированный в консервативное сочетание акций и облигаций, с комфортом сбрасывал бы что-то вроде среднегодового дохода семьи - около 44 000 долларов. В то время как чистая стоимость в 1 миллион долларов поставит вас в топ-7 процентов американских домашних хозяйств, вы не должны предполагать, что это сделает вас безумно счастливыми; слабая связь между деньгами и счастьем хорошо установлена, по крайней мере, для тех из нас, кто посчастливилось жить стандартным образом жизни среднего класса.

Миллиарды долларов, с другой стороны, будут искажать вашу жизнь во многих отношениях, и они просто не стоят того. Миллионеры часто беспокоятся о своей личной безопасности и о своей семье. Они могут также беспокоиться о том, нравятся ли им люди или их деньги, о том, как избежать производства безнадежно испорченных или безграничных детей и об их собственном потенциале для психологически разрушительного «максимизирующего» поведения. «Максимизаторы» ищут навязчиво для всего наилучшего, с постоянным разочарованием - основной результат.

Если есть веские причины стать миллиардером, они в значительной степени альтруистичны. Создание всех этих денег означает, что вы, вероятно, предоставляете то, что нужно или нужно людям - это хорошо по своему усмотрению. Столица, которую вы накопили, должна привести к рабочим местам, инновациям и экономическому росту, даже если ваши налоговые платежи гарантируют услуги для всего общества. Если вам нравится, вы можете создать основу для того, чтобы направить прибыль вашего капитала на хорошие работы. Вы даже можете отдать все деньги.

В общем, миллиардеры полезны для общества, и, полагая, что они не стали богатыми с гнусных средств, мы должны поблагодарить их за то, что они взяли на себя труд. В конце концов, это грязная работа, но кто-то должен это сделать.
Varvara
While Chris was cooking the dinner, the cell phone rang.
Last morning I was reading the newspaper when suddenly I heard the scream of my neigbour in the yard.
When he called you, you were watching your favorite cartoon.
Jack was waiting for Christina when she arrived.
When the accident happened, Peter was not driving very fast.
Kate broke a cup last evening. She was doing the washing up.
Brandon took a photograph of Christin when she didn`t look.
Keith and Rashel didn`t go out because it was snowing heavily outside.
What was your mother doing yesterday morning in this time?
Mike saw Elene at the party. She was wearing a very beautiful dress, it was hard not to see her.
didizain
1. In the XIII century there were over 160 towns in England.
2. Before the XIII century there were no universities in England. The oldest university was founded in Oxford in 1667. It remained the principal centre of science for centuries. It was famous for the superior learning of its professors. It had a great influence on the development of English culture.
3. Sheep breeding became especially popular in the English eastern and northern counties in the XIII century. It was soon discovered that it was easier to grow wool on the sheep's back than to grow grain on the poor lands. There were many foreign markets which were ready to buy English wool. It meant that European trade was developing.
4. There were important changes in the English countryside in the XIII century. There were the new classes of gentry, nobles and small landowners. There were many armed conflicts between the peasants and the feudals. There was one reason for that: the lords tended to monopolize the use of common lands. It is natural that the parliament supported the rich because only the top layer of the population was represented there.

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Перевести текст. pity the billionaires. this year's forbes list of the world's billionaires is out, and as usual, the news is bad. you didn't make it. neither did i. but you may have imagined that you did. you may have fantasized about what it would be like to have multiple homes, to cruise around on your yacht and spend time counting your cash. if you are in business, you may even derive some tepid comfort from knowing that the club isn't closed. indeed, the overall number of billionaires found by forbes was 691 this time around, up from 587 the previous year. in other words, there's hope. but even if billionaire status never arrives, allow me to set your yearnings at ease. do not envy these people. for most of the superrich, the benefits of each additional dollar of wealth reached the vanishing point long ago. i can't speak from experience, of course, but in all likelihood, having billions does not offer significant advantages over having mere millions and it imposes the disadvantage of some major burdens. the focus on billionaires obscures a sad fallacy, one embodied for most of us not so much in the assets of bill gates -- still at the top of the forbes list -- as in the lure of the lottery. the prospect of big lottery prizes typically sets off a ticket-buying frenzy among throngs of people who variously hope to quit their boring jobs, pay their debts and secure their children's future by winning. but their behavior makes little sense, except to the extent that they are buying entertainment. for most of them, a scant million or two would solve almost all the problems that a billion would. sensible lottery players seek the more favorable odds of winning a smaller but still transformative prize instead of lining up for an infinitesimally small chance of winning a meaninglessly gigantic sum that offers few marginal benefits. people make this kind of mistake all the time. that humans are so strikingly bad at weighing risks and rewards is one of the great paradoxes of evolution, and it makes you wonder how we outlasted the mastodons.the lottery fallacy is sad because so many more of us could become millionaires, as was amply demonstrated by thomas j. stanley and william d. danko in their fascinating book, "the millionaire next door." they found that inheritances or even extended educations aren't necessary; the main requirement, given time and a decent income, is thrift.becoming a millionaire offers a measure of security, as well as access to better health care and schools. consider that each $1 million in capital invested in a conservative mix of stocks and bonds would comfortably throw off something like the average annual household income -- about $44, 000. while a net worth of $1 million would put you in the top 7 percent of american households, you should not assume that it will make you deliriously happy; the weak connection between money and happiness is well established, at least for those of us already fortunate enough to be living a standard middle-class lifestyle. billions of dollars, on the other hand, would distort your life in so many ways that they just aren't worth it. billionaires often worry about their personal safety and that of their families. they may also worry about whether people really like them or their money, about how to avoid producing hopelessly spoiled or feckless children and about their own potential for psychologically destructive "maximizing" behavior. "maximizers" search compulsively for the best of everything, with perennial disappointment a main result. if there are good reasons to become a billionaire, they are largely altruistic. making all that money means that you are probably providing something that people need or want -- a good thing in its own right. the capital you have accumulated should result in jobs, innovation and economic growth, even as your tax payments underwrite services for the rest of society. if you like, you can create a foundation to direct the earnings of your capital to good works. you can even give all the money away. all in all, billionaires are useful to society, and assuming they didn't become rich by nefarious means, we should thank them for taking the trouble. it's a dirty job, after all, but somebody's got to do it.
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