Краткий пересказ (10 пред) на . on october 25th 1911, the london general omnibus company ran their last horse-drawn omnibus through the streets of the capital. then followed the era of the tramcar, but since then the big red motor bus has been london's 'king of the road'. every day, thousands of londoners use the big red buses to move around town; and lots of tourists know that a one-day london bus pass, valid on all regular bus routes, offers a wonderful way to see the sights of britain's capital city. the idea of the 'double decker' is actually much older than the motor bus; it is simply a continuation of the system that was used for public transport in the age of horse-drawn vehicles, when some of the passengers sat inside, and the rest travelled on the roof. if it rained, passengers could take a sort of oil-cloth cover out of the back of the seat in front of them, and pull it over them, but they still got pretty wet. it wasn't until the 1930s that all new buses became equipped with roofs over the upper deck. today the only open-topped buses are the special tourist buses. the most famous london buses, however, are not those that filled the capital's streets in the 1930s, but the powerful 'routemasters' which date from the 1950s and 60s. these are the buses that have been taken all over the world, the buses that you can see in the tourist brochures, and the ones which have been sold, in miniature, to millions of visitors and souvenir hunters. the routemaster is a legend in itself! with its open platform at the back end, the routemaster is still the most popular bus in london, because passengers can climb on and off when they want, even if the bus is moving (though this is not these buses were designed specially for london, by people who knew what london needed, and they have served their purpose well. things started to go wrong for the london bus in the late 1960s. that was when the ministry of transport decided that it would only give financial assistance to bus companies that bought new buses with doors! they had to choose other models instead. today, european union rules also stipulate that new buses for public transport must have doors. determined to keep the buses that londoners (and tourists) want, london transport has decided to keep the old routemasters going as long as possible. the rm was taken out of use in june 2007 due to a law requiring busses to have access for disabled people. however london transport has kept two rm routes running as tourists’ attractions. they are routes no 9 and 15. both run from trafalgar square and run past many of london tourist sites. five hundred of the popular old buses have been renovated, and are now back on the road as good as new, if not better! the london transport museum at covent garden has exhibits of all london buses from 1850 to the present day including the rm. the black london taxi cab is another traditional symbol of london. it looks old-fashioned and clumsy, but in fact it's comfortable and speedy. besides, london taxi dri-vers know the city very well. they spend up to two years studying and memorizing 25, 000 streets, as well as the locations of hospitals, hotels, theatres, clubs, museums, etc. then they have to pass a very difficult test called 'the knowledge'. so when you climb into the famous black cab you can be absolutely sure that it'll get you wherever you want and by the quickest possible route.