Перевод hundreds of electronic devices are now used for scientific, industrial and everyday purposes. they help to do jobs better or more rationally than before and take over jobs that couldn't be done otherwise. so, industrial electronics undoubtedly plays a very important role today you can easily find many electronic equipments at home: a tape recorder, a tv set, an mp3 player, a computer and many others. the application and use of electronic equipments demands a good knowledge of their fundamentals. in meters and lamps electricity flows in the wire. but inside any transistor or microchip (and previously, in radio tubes) electric current passes through the space (or semiconductor) separating certain parts in this detail. such action is called electronic. it's not difficult to imagine it because the same happens in lightning. there you actually see how electricity jumps through space. the first electronic equipments used radio lamps. they were: a radio set, a tv set, computing machines (predecessors of modern calculators), computers (which occupied big rooms), tape recorders. the next stage came when transistors were invented. the devices became more powerful and much smaller. the number of devices increased greatly, some multifunctional devices appeared (radio + tape recorder computers and calculators became smaller: cassette recorders and video- cassette recorders appeared. the next period was the period of microchips. they helped to reduce big parts of devices, computers and other devices. the latest period of industrial electronics development is the period of total digitization of all electronic devices, making them compatible with the computer. photos are no longer made on film but on memory cards, cassettes and video cassettes are out of use. television is also becoming digital. industrial electronics is a great part of our leisure time, it makes people's lives easier, and reduces their working time.

Сотни электронных устройств используются сейчас для научных, промышленных и бытовых целей. Они делать работу лучше или рациональнее, чем раньше, и берут на себя работу, которую нельзя выполнить другим образом. Так что промышленная электроника, несомненно, сегодня играет очень важную роль. Вы можете легко найти множество электронных устройств дома: магнитофон, телевизор, MP3-плеер, компьютер и многие другие.

Применение и использование электронного оборудования требует хорошего знания их основных принципов.

В счетчиках и лампах электричество течет по проводу. Но внутри любого транзистора или микросхемы (и ранее в радиолампах) электрический ток проходит через пространство (или полупроводник), разделяющее определенные части в этой детали. Такое действие называется электронным. Это нетрудно представить, потому что то же самое происходит в молнии. Там вы фактически видите, как электричество «прыгает» через пространство.

В первых электронных устройствах использовались радиолампы. Это были радиостанция, телевизор, вычислительные машины (предшественники современных калькуляторов), компьютеры (которые занимали большие помещения), магнитофоны.

Следующим этапом стало появление транзисторов. Устройства стали более мощными и намного меньшими. Количество устройств сильно увеличилось, появились несколько многофункциональных устройств (радио + магнитофон). Компьютеры и калькуляторы стали меньше: появились кассетные магнитофоны и видеомагнитофоны.

Следующий период — период микросхем. Они уменьшить крупные части устройств, компьютеров и других приборов.

Последний период развития промышленной электроники — это период перевода всех электронных устройств в полностью цифровые решения , что делает их совместимыми с компьютером. Фотографии снимают не на пленку, а на карты памяти, кассеты и видеокассеты не используются. Телевидение также становится цифровым.

Промышленная электроника — это значительная часть нашего досуга, она облегчает жизнь людей и сокращает их рабочее время.

1. Helen has to work (late) tonight. 2. Life on the farm was (pretty) hard. 3. The card allows you to travel (free). 4. It took (nearly) two hours to reach the place. 5. The accident happened (shortly) before midday. 6. The detective was watching him (closely) waiting for a reply. 7. The idea is now (widely) accepted. 8. Don't sit too (near) to the screen. 9. All citizens can now travel (freely) among member states. 10. I was halfway through my explanation when Jack cut me (short). 11. The museum is (easily) accessible by car. 12. His eyes were (wide) open. 13. The birthday card arrived three days (late). 14. Go (easy) on her, she's having a really hard time at the moment. 15. Better (late), than never. 16. Things have been going (bad). 17. I don't understand why she spoke so (rudely). 18. I know him (fairly) well, but I wouldn't say we were (really) close friends. 19. She has been acting very (strangely) (lately). 20. Open the window (wide). It's stuffy in here. 21. His (clumsy) fingers couldn't untie the knot. 22. Parents must be (firm) with their children. 23. Don't be too (hard) on him. He is very young. 24. His teachers think very (highly) of him. 25. They were (warmly) dressed in coats and scarves.

Lots of companies do business online. They sell goods and services, or provide INFORMATION to the general public. Doing business online is less EXPENSIVE and more convenient than running a traditional business, with offices and lots of employees. Surprisingly enough, there are lots of very young people among online businessmen. In spite of their age, they are quite SUCCESSFUL and professional. For example, Ben Collins started his own online company when he was REALLY young. He was only 17. He says, “My business is INTERNATIONAL - we work with people from different countries. In a real office, some people would NOT AGREE that someone of my age could be a boss, but when I work online, nobody cares how old I am.”

Susan’s father often had to go to different countries on business. That evening, he came home LATER than usual.
He looked tired. Susan KNEW that the next week her father was going to China to discuss a new project.
At dinner, her father asked Susan if she WANTED to go with him. It was a bit unexpected but Susan liked the idea at once.
It was her SIXTEENTH birthday in a few days.
And Susan thought it WILL BE fun to celebrate it abroad.
However, there was one thing she wanted to clear up before the trip: “Are you going to be busy from morning till night? I DONT WANT to sit in the hotel all the time alone.”
“You won’t have to,” her father reassured Susan. “I HAVE PREPARED all the project papers already. So, while our partners are studying them, we’ll have plenty of time for sightseeing.”
“Great!” Susan ran up to her room to pack.
“Remember to take some comfortable shoes. Otherwise your FEET will hurt after the long excursions.” Her father’s advice was always practical.
In half an hour everything WAS PACKED in a suitcase and Susan called her best friend to tell her the news.