Borisovich-Volobueva1803
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Перевести текст на . a forest, also - referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. a forest may vary significantly in size and have different classifications according to how and of what the forest is composed. these plant communities cover approximately 94 percent of the earth's surface (or 30 percent of total land area), though they once covered much more (about 50 percent of total land area), in many different regions and functions as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the biosphere. although forests are classified primarily by trees, the concept of a forest ecosystem includes additional species (such as smaller plants, fungi, bacteria, and animals) as well as physical and chemical processes such as enenergy flow and nutrient cycling. a typical forest is composed of the overstory (canopy or upper tree layer) and the understory. the understory is further subdivided into the shrub layer, herb layer, and also the moss layer and soil microbes. in some complex forests, there is also a well - defined lower tree layer. forests are central to all human life because they provide a diverse range of resources: they store carbon, aid in regulating the planetary climate, purify water and mitigate natural hazards such as floods. forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree line, except where natural the environment has been altered by human activity. the latitudes 10° north and south of the equator are mostly covered in tropical rainforest, and the latitudes between 53°n and 67°n have boreal forest. as a general rule, forests dominated by angiosperms (broadleaf forests) are more species - rich those dominated by gymnosperms (conifer, montane, or needleleaf forests), although exceptions exist. forests sometimes contain many trees species only within a small area (as in tropical rain and temperate deciduous forests), or relatively few species over large areas (e. g., taiga and arid montane coniferous forests forests are often home to many animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to other vegetation communities. much of this biomass occurs below ground in the root systems and as partially decomposed plant detritus. the woody component of a forest contains lignin, which is relatively slow to decompose compared with other organic materials such as cellulose or carbohydrate. forests are differentiated from woodlands by the extent of canopy coverage: in a forest, the branches and the foliage of separate trees often meet or interlock, although there can be gaps of varying sizes within an area referred to as forest. a woodland has a more continuously open canopy, with trees spaced farther apart, which allows more sunlight to penetrade to the ground between than (also see: savannah). among the major forested biomes are: rain forest (tropical and temperate), taiga, temperate hardwood forest, tropical dry forest. forests can be classified in different ways and to different degrees of specificity. one such way is in terms of the "biome" in which they exist, combined with leaf longevity of the dominant species (whether they are evergreen or deciduous). another distinction is whether the forest are composed predominantly of broadleataftrees, coniferous (needleleaved) trees, or mixed. boreal forests occupy the subarctic zone and are generally evergreen and coniferous. temperate zones support both broadleaf deciduous forests and evergreen coniferous forests. warm temperate zones support broadleaf evergreen forests, including laurel forests. tropical and subtropical forests include tropical and subtropical moist forests, tropical and subtropical dry forests, and tropical and subtropical coniferous forests.

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NatalyaAlekseevich1644

Лес, является областью с высокой плотностью деревьев. Лес может значительно различаться по размеру и иметь различные классификации в зависимости от того, как и из чего состоит лес. Эти растительные сообщества покрывают приблизительно 94 процента поверхности Земли (или 30 процентов общей площади суши), хотя когда-то они покрывали гораздо больше (около 50 процентов общей площади суши), во многих различных регионах и функционируют как места обитания для организмов, гидрологический сток модуляторы и почвоведы, составляющие один из важнейших аспектов биосферы. Хотя леса классифицируются в основном по деревьям, концепция лесной экосистемы включает дополнительные виды (такие как мелкие растения, грибы, бактерии и животные), а также физические и химические процессы, такие как поток энергии и круговорот питательных веществ.

Типичный лес состоит из надлеска (навес или верхний слой дерева) и подлеска. Подлесок далее подразделяется на кустовый слой, травяной слой, а также моховый слой и почвенные микробы. В некоторых сложных лесах также имеется четко определенный нижний слой дерева. Леса являются центральными для всей человеческой жизни, потому что они обеспечивают разнообразные ресурсы: они накапливают углерод регулировать климат планеты, очищают воду и смягчают такие стихийные бедствия, как наводнения. Леса можно найти во всех регионах поддерживать рост деревьев, на высотах до линии деревьев, за исключением тех случаев, когда природная среда была изменена в результате деятельности человека.

Широты в 10 ° к северу и югу от экватора в основном покрыты тропическими лесами, а на широтах между 53 ° и 67 ° северной широты есть бореальный лес. Как правило, леса, в которых преобладают покрытосеменные (широколиственные леса), являются более богатыми видами, чем преобладают голосеменные (хвойные, горные), хотя существуют исключения.

Леса иногда содержат много видов деревьев только на небольшой территории (например, в тропических дождях и умеренно-лиственных лесах) или относительно немного видов на больших площадях (например, таежные и засушливые горные хвойные леса). Леса часто являются домом для многих видов животных и растений, и биомасса на единицу площади высока по сравнению с другими растительными сообществами. Большая часть этой биомассы происходит под землей в корневых системах и в виде частично разложившегося детрита растений. Древесный компонент леса содержит лигнин, который сравнительно медленно разлагается по сравнению с другими органическими веществами, такими как целлюлоза или углеводы.

Леса отличаются от лесных массивов по степени охвата пологом: в лесу ветви и листва отдельных деревьев часто встречаются или сцепляются, хотя в пределах области, называемой лесом, могут быть разрывы различных размеров. Лесистая местность имеет более постоянно открытый навес с деревьями, расположенными дальше друг от друга, что позволяет большему количеству солнечного света проникать на землю между ними (см. Также: саванна).

Среди основных лесных биомов: тропический лес (тропический и умеренный), тайга, лиственный лес умеренного пояса, сухой тропический лес.

Леса могут быть классифицированы по-разному и с различной степенью специфичности. Одним из таких является «биом», в котором они существуют, в сочетании с долговечностью листьев доминирующих видов (будь то вечнозеленые или лиственные). Другое различие заключается в том, состоят ли леса преимущественно из широколиственных деревьев, хвойных (игольчатых) деревьев или из смешанных. Бореальные леса занимают субарктическую зону и, как правило, вечнозеленые и хвойные.

Умеренные зоны поддерживают как широколиственные лиственные леса, так и вечнозеленые хвойные леса. Теплые умеренные зоны поддерживают широколиственные вечнозеленые леса, в том числе лавровые.

Тропические и субтропические леса включают тропические и субтропические влажные леса, тропические и субтропические сухие леса, а также тропические и субтропические хвойные леса.

tatiana2676
Chicken Licken is minding his chicken -pecking business one day, when an acorn drops- PLOP! On his head. "Help!" he cheeps. "The sky is falling down! I'd better go and tell the king." And off he scurries. "What's the hurry?" clucks Henny Penny."Oh, Henny Penny!" cheeps Chicken Licken."The sky is falling down! I'm off to tell the king.""That's not funny!" clucks Henny Penny."I'd better come, too." And off they scurry."What's the hurry?" crows Cocky Locky."Oh, Cocky Locky!" cheeps Chicken Licken."The sky is falling down! We're off to tell the king.""What a cock-a-doodle shock!" crows Cocky Locky. "I'd better come, too."So Chicken Licken, Henny Penny and Cocky Locky scurry along to tell the king."What's the hurry? Quack Ducky Lucky and Drakey Lakey. "Oh, Ducky Lucky and Drakey Lakey!" cheeps Chicken Licken. "The sky is falling down! We're off to tell the king." "You look very shaky!" quacks Drakey Lakey. "We'd better come, too."So Chicken Licken, Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, Ducky Lucky and Drakey Lakey scurry along to tell the king."What's the hurry?" honks Goosey Loosey."Oh, Goosey Loosey!" cheeps Chicken Licken. "The sky is falling down! We're off to tell the king." "Goodness gracious!" gasps Goosey Loosey. "I'd better come, too." And off they scurry. "What's the hurry?" gobbles Turkey Lurkey."Oh, Turkey Lurkey!" cheeps Chicken Licken. "The sky is falling down! We're off to tell the king." "I feel horribly wobbly," gobbles Turkey Lurkey. "I'd better come, too." So Chicken Licken, Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, Ducky Lucky, Drakey Lakey, Goosey Loosey and Turkey Lurkey scurry along to tell the king."What's the hurry?" snaps Foxy Loxy. "Oh, Foxy Loxy!" cheeps Chicken Linken."The sky is falling down! We're off to tell the king.""Aha!" smiles Foxy Loxy. He has a cunning plan. " Follow me, my feathery friends," smiles Foxy Loxy. "I can help you find the king." So Chicken Licken, Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, Ducky Lucky, Drakey Lakey, Goosey Loosey and Turkey Lurkey hurry and scurry behind Foxy Loxy, all the way to the Foxy Loxy Family lair- just in time for dinner. And that was the end of Chicken Licken, Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, Ducky Lucky, Drakey Lakey, Goosey Loosey and Turkey Lurkey. And the king never did find out that the sky was falling down.
zhmulyov-denis8
1)     мне не нужны.    2) У тебя одно предложение переведено не верно. По тексту - Мы никогда не боимся сдавать тесты или экзамены.   3) у тебя в тексте описывается только одна школа, поэтому ответ на первый вопрос:   Caroline  studies at boarding school. It is a school for girls agen 11-18. The best thing about boarding is that you are always with your friends. Besides, it is the best way to get a good education.        4) А ответ на второй вопрос - любые предложения из текста  Например:   The teachers encourage pupils to do their best because they want the girls to succeed in life.  The girls can go and see a teacher for help anytime. Pupils study all the compulsory subjects and there are a lot of optional subjects.     There are a lot of other interesting activities to take part in  The girls go on school trips and do a lot of sports. 

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Перевести текст на . a forest, also - referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. a forest may vary significantly in size and have different classifications according to how and of what the forest is composed. these plant communities cover approximately 94 percent of the earth's surface (or 30 percent of total land area), though they once covered much more (about 50 percent of total land area), in many different regions and functions as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the biosphere. although forests are classified primarily by trees, the concept of a forest ecosystem includes additional species (such as smaller plants, fungi, bacteria, and animals) as well as physical and chemical processes such as enenergy flow and nutrient cycling. a typical forest is composed of the overstory (canopy or upper tree layer) and the understory. the understory is further subdivided into the shrub layer, herb layer, and also the moss layer and soil microbes. in some complex forests, there is also a well - defined lower tree layer. forests are central to all human life because they provide a diverse range of resources: they store carbon, aid in regulating the planetary climate, purify water and mitigate natural hazards such as floods. forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree line, except where natural the environment has been altered by human activity. the latitudes 10° north and south of the equator are mostly covered in tropical rainforest, and the latitudes between 53°n and 67°n have boreal forest. as a general rule, forests dominated by angiosperms (broadleaf forests) are more species - rich those dominated by gymnosperms (conifer, montane, or needleleaf forests), although exceptions exist. forests sometimes contain many trees species only within a small area (as in tropical rain and temperate deciduous forests), or relatively few species over large areas (e. g., taiga and arid montane coniferous forests forests are often home to many animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to other vegetation communities. much of this biomass occurs below ground in the root systems and as partially decomposed plant detritus. the woody component of a forest contains lignin, which is relatively slow to decompose compared with other organic materials such as cellulose or carbohydrate. forests are differentiated from woodlands by the extent of canopy coverage: in a forest, the branches and the foliage of separate trees often meet or interlock, although there can be gaps of varying sizes within an area referred to as forest. a woodland has a more continuously open canopy, with trees spaced farther apart, which allows more sunlight to penetrade to the ground between than (also see: savannah). among the major forested biomes are: rain forest (tropical and temperate), taiga, temperate hardwood forest, tropical dry forest. forests can be classified in different ways and to different degrees of specificity. one such way is in terms of the "biome" in which they exist, combined with leaf longevity of the dominant species (whether they are evergreen or deciduous). another distinction is whether the forest are composed predominantly of broadleataftrees, coniferous (needleleaved) trees, or mixed. boreal forests occupy the subarctic zone and are generally evergreen and coniferous. temperate zones support both broadleaf deciduous forests and evergreen coniferous forests. warm temperate zones support broadleaf evergreen forests, including laurel forests. tropical and subtropical forests include tropical and subtropical moist forests, tropical and subtropical dry forests, and tropical and subtropical coniferous forests.
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