Текст нужно переделать из прямой речи в косвенную. весь текст ведётся от лица девушки.её имя helen. кто будет присылать правила или левый текст буду жаловаться. тема (reported speech) helen said "i always listen to what my friends say". i am honest and never rude with my friends. sometimes i am not sure of muself. i have never been to england and my dream is to visit this country. i am found of going to the cinema. i want to have more pover over people, but i dont know how to do it. i am trying to learn more than other pupils know. i want to show that i am not an ordinary person. my dream is to know english better.

a plot

b themes

c author

backgrounds

e legacy

A true film genre relies on shared iconography, formalistic themes and similar narrative structures and content. ‘What genre does is recognize that the audience any one film within a context of other films, both those they have personally seen and those they have heard about or seen represented in other media outlets. …In general, the function of genre is to make films comprehensible and more or less familiar. (turner 97)’.

Action/adventure, the Western, Gangster/Crime, Detective/Film Noir, Comedy, Science fiction/Fantasy, Horror/Monster, Suspense Thriller/Spy/Heist and many others groups are usually used for marketing in stores where films are being sold. The majority of viewers, film critics, and film producers talk about films in relation to the categories. These categories are generally called genres. ‘The word “genre” is originally French, and it simply means “kind” or “type”. It’s related to another word, “genus”, which is used in the biological sciences to classify groups of plant and animals. A true film genre is a product of interaction between audience and the text. Therefore, all producers and audiences must have a quite good understanding and what is more important shared knowledge of genre’s characteristics. ’ For instance,’ westerns, at least the traditional ones, tend to share the same basic conflict and usually the same type of setting. All detective films share the same basic story: the uncovering of causes. Musicals share nothing more than frequent prominent interludes of music and perhaps dancing during a story. This shared knowledge, however, is not set in stone. Different people will have divergent understandings of genre. ’ According to this statement, audiences expand general ideas about any kind of genre based on going to the cinema, media coverage or advertisements and marketing. As a result of consequence, viewers have their own anticipations about a particular genre and define films according to their expectations. ‘Genres are based on a tacit agreement among filmmakers, reviewers and audiences. What gives the films some common identity are shared genre conventions. Shared conventions are shared thematic, stylistic and narrative structures. Although not every single film demonstrate all of the conventions, at least some of them are shown in a film. This helps the film critics to define whether this film fall into a particular group of films – genre. Moreover, critical analysis of any film can take place only if conventions are considered. These conventions are also called “repertoire of elements”. In this document shared genre conventions in terms of horror will be discussed.

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Вроде так

1.

1. up 2. out 3. out 4. off 5. up 6. in 7. out 8. out

2.

1. I get on really well with my older brother.

2. Yesterday I had to stay on to talk to my teacher.

3. The weather’s bad, so our teacher’s put off the football match.

4. Everyone says I take after my father but I think I’m more like my mother.

5. In class yesterday, I had to give out the textbooks to everyone.

6. My sister went through a difficult time when she was ill as a child.

7. The boys in the school team used to pick on me because I was the smallest in the team.

8. We haven’t brought many sandwiches for the picnic, so we’ll just have to fill up on fruit.

3.

1. My mum’s made an arrangement to talk to my teacher tomorrow.

2. I’ve got a lot of preparations to do, to get everything ready for my holiday.

3. I accidentally phoned my brother instead of my mum!

4. The garden was in complete darkness, and I fell over my bike lying on the path.

5. My grandma’s going to the hospital for some treatments on Monday.

6. There was a long family discussion last night about where to go on holiday.

7. Reading a lot of science fiction isn’t necessary a bad thing.

8. My grandfather has an amazing collection of old stamps.

4.

Sonia: Hi Alice: Where are you going now?

Alice: Hi Sonia. Tom just invited me to go round

to his house. Do you want to come with me?

Sonia: Great, thanks! Who else will go?

Alice: I’m not sure. I was studying in the library when I

saw him, so I was too busy to ask him.

Sonia: Do we need to take anything with us?

Alice: No, Tom says his mum has already made some

food for everyone!

Sonia: Great!

5.

1. It’s at least six years as our neighbours came to live next door.

2. I don’t play football now, but I used to play a lot when I was a child.

3. My brother isn’t quite as tall as our dad.

4. I’ve had rather a busy day that I’m really tired now.

5. Barry wasn't able to meet us in town yesterday. He had to stay at home and study.

6. I’ve never been to California, but it sounds fantastic!

7. My cousin Paul, who lives in the next street, plays video games all the time.

8. This laptop is the most expensive thing I’ve ever bought!

6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Who are you waiting for now?

2. I would further study maths this year.

It’s quite difficult!

3. We have just got back from our holiday in the US.

4. I saw John while I was cycling home.

5. We had been living in London for two years before we came here.

6. Don’t take the main road into town today. They are repairing the road.

7. My brother wasn't able to find a job in a bank last year.

8. Sorry, but I won't be able to come to the concert with you tomorrow.

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