С exercise 5.11. put the verb in brackets in the right form. use past tenses: 1. when i (arrive) the lecture already (start 2. peter (sit) in a dark room with a book. i told him that he (read) in very bad light. 3. mother (make) a cake when the light (go) out. she had to finish it in the dark. 4. when i arrived jenny (leave), so we only had time for a few words. 5. john (have) a bath when the phone rang. he (get) out of the bath and (go) to answer it. 6. when we (come) to the airport, the plane already (land). 7. he suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction. 8. you looked very busy when i saw you last night. what you (do)? 9.1 (call) paul at 7.00 but it wasn't necessary because he already (get) up. 10. when i (see) him he (cross) the street. 11. while he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain. 12. ann said that she (be) on holiday. i (say) that i (hope) that she (enjoy) herself. 13. when i (look) through your books i (notice) that you (have) a copy of jack london. 14. she said that she (not like) her present flat and (try) to find another. 15. when ann (finish) her homework she (turn) on tv.

ответ:

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1. When I arrived, the lecture had already started.
To form the past perfect tense, we use had + past participle. In this sentence, "arrive" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "arrived". "Start" is the base form of the verb, but because it happened before the arrival, we use the past participle "started".

2. Peter was sitting in a dark room with a book. I told him that he was reading in very bad light.
In this sentence, "sit" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was sitting". "Read" is the base form of the verb, but because it was happening at the same time the telling occurred, we use the past continuous tense "was reading".

3. Mother was making a cake when the light went out. She had to finish it in the dark.
Here, "make" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was making". "Go" is the base form of the verb, but because it happened after the mother started making the cake, we use the past tense "went".

4. When I arrived, Jenny had already left, so we only had time for a few words.
The verb "leave" is irregular, so we change it to past tense "left". "Arrive" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "arrived".

5. John was having a bath when the phone rang. He got out of the bath and went to answer it.
In this sentence, "have" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was having". "Get" and "go" are both base forms of the verb, but because they happened after the phone rang, we use the past tense "got" and "went".

6. When we came to the airport, the plane had already landed.
Here, "come" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "came". "Land" is the base form of the verb, but because it happened before we arrived, we use the past participle "landed".

7. He suddenly realized that he was traveling in the wrong direction.
The verb "realize" is regular, so we change it to past tense "realized". "Travel" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was traveling".

8. You looked very busy when I saw you last night. What were you doing?
In this sentence, "look" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "looked". "Do" is the base form of the verb, but because it happened in the past, we use the past continuous tense "were doing".

9. I called Paul at 7.00 but it wasn't necessary because he had already gotten up.
Here, "call" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "called". "Get" is an irregular verb, and its past participle is "gotten".

10. When I saw him, he was crossing the street.
The verb "see" is irregular, so we change it to past tense "saw". "Cross" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was crossing".

11. While he was watering the flowers, it began to rain.
In this sentence, "water" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was watering". "Begin" is the base form of the verb, but because it happened after the watering, we use the past tense "began".

12. Ann said that she was on holiday. I said that I hoped that she was enjoying herself.
"Be" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was". "Say" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "said". "Hope" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "hoped". "Enjoy" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was enjoying".

13. When I looked through your books, I noticed that you had a copy of Jack London.
In this sentence, "look" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "looked". "Notice" is the base form of the verb, but because it happened after looking through the books, we use the past tense "noticed". "Have" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "had".

14. She said that she didn't like her present flat and was trying to find another.
The verb "like" is regular, so we change it to past tense "didn't like". "Try" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "was trying".

15. When Ann finished her homework, she turned on the TV.
Here, "finish" is the base form of the verb, so we change it to past tense "finished". "Turn" is the base form of the verb, but because it happened after finishing the homework, we use the past tense "turned".