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I would like to tell you a few words about  Charles Darwin, a famous English person.

A hundred years ago people believed that plants and animals had always been as they are now. They thought that all the different sorts of living things, including men and women were put in this world by some mysterious power a few thousand years ago.

 

It  was Charles Darwin, born at Shrewsbury on the 12th of February, 1809, who showed that this was just a legend. As a boy Darwin liked to walk in the countryside, collecting insects, flowers and minerals. This hobby interested him much more then Greek and Latin, which were his main subjects at school.

His father, a doctor, sent Charles to Edinburgh University to study medicine. But Charles did not like this.  He spent a lot of time with a zoologist friend, watching birds and other animals, and collecting insects in the countryside.

Then his father sent him to Cambridge to be trained as a parson. But Darwin didn’t want to be a doctor or a parson. He wanted to be a biologist. In 1831 he set sail in the “ Beagle” for South America. To make maps of the coastlines there.  Darwin wanted to see the animals and plants of other lands. On his voyage he came to very important conclusion. He realized that there were simple jelly-like creatures living in the sea. Very slowly, taking hundred millions of years, these have developed to produce all the different kinds of animals and plants we know today. But Darwin waited over  twenty years  before he let the world know his great ideas. He wrote a famous book “The origin of species. “  

The Discovery of America (2) Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. He was born in Italy. His father and both grandfathers were cloth makers. Columbus was a seaman and made many sea voyages. Most people in Columbus's days thought that the earth was flat and they did not believe that beyond the Atlantic Ocean lay India. In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain gave him money to go to India. He decided to sail west as he was sure that our planet was round. There were 3 caravels: the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta. After sailing 4000 miles he reached some land. The crew saw something like a white cliff and cried out: "Tierra! Tierra!". Columbus thought 'that it must be India but it was not. It was a new land — a new continent. It was America. Columbus named the land they had reached San Salvador ("Holy Saviour"). People began to speak about the land as "The new World". European people came to the New World for many reasons. Some hoped to find gold and silver. Priests and missionaries came to bring the Christian religion to the Indians. Among those who came for freedom was a small group of English people called Pilgrims. They wanted to start a new life and to have no religious problems they had in England. In 1620 on the ship "Mayflower" they landed in the north-east of America. They set up a colony and called that part of the country "New England". Открытие Америки (2) Христофор Колумб открыл Америку в 1492 г. Он родился в Италии. Его отец и оба дедушки занимались шитьем одежды, Колумб был моряком и совершил много путешествий. Большинство людей в дни Колумба полагали, что Земля плоская, и они не верили в то, что за Атлантическим океаном лежит Индия. В 1492 году король и королева Испании дали ему деньги на поездку в Индию. Он решил плыть на запад, так как был уверен, что Земля круглая. В путешествие отправились 3 каравеллы: "Санта Мария", "Нина", "Пинта". После того, как они проплыли 4 000 миль, они достигли какой-то земли. Команда увидела что-то похожее на белую скалу и закричала: "Земля! Земля!"' Колумб подумал, что это должна быть Индия, но это была не она. Это была новая земля, новый континент. Это была Америка. Колумб назвал землю, которой они достигли, Сан Сальвадор ("Святой "). Люди стали говорить об этой земле как о Новом Свете. Европейцы приезжали в Новый Свет по разным причинам. Некоторые надеялись найти золото или серебро. Священники и миссионеры приезжали, чтобы принести христианство индейцам. Среди тех, кто приезжал за свободой, была маленькая группа англичан, прозванных пилигримами. Они хотели начать новую жизнь и начать ее без религиозных проблем, с которыми они столкнулись в Англии. В 1620 на корабле "Мэйфлауэ" они высадились на северо-востоке Америки. Они основали колонию и назвали эту часть страны Новая Англия.