с английским Текст: Moscow is the capital of Russian Federation, the biggest state in the World, It is a political, economic, commercial and cultural centre of the country. It is one of the youngest capitals of Europe. It is believed that Yuriy Dolgoruky founded Moscow in 1147. Gradually, the city became increasingly powerful. At the beginning of the 13th century, Moscow, like the rest of Russian territory, was kept under the yoke of Mongols for more than two centuries. As the 13th century drew to an end, Moscow became the capital of the principality of Moscovia. That time the ruler of this principality became Ivan Kalita, named the first Grand Prince of Moscow by Khan and forced to move to Moscow from Vladimir. That time, the head of the Russian Church moved to Moscow from Vladimir too. This way Moscow was becoming the political and religious centre of Russia. In the 15th century, after almost 250 years of Mongol domination Moscow became the most powerful of the Russian city-states. In 1453, after Constantinople, the centre of the Orthodox Church, was taken by the Turks, Moscow was declared the Third Rome and true heir of Christianity. In 1546, Ivan the Terrible was crowned in Moscow as the first Tsar of All Russia and Moscow became the capital of the new state. In 1712, Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg, but Moscow remained for some time the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon's attack. The great fire destroyed the most territory of the city, but by the mid-19th century, Moscow had been completely restored. After the Socialist Revolution of 1917, Moscow became the capital of the USSR. Now, Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is more than 9 hundred square kilometres and still is growing up. The population of the city is about 9 million people. Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin and Red Square. They have more historical association than any other place in Moscow. There are a lot of beautiful places, old cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. Now Moscow is being reconstructed, becoming more and more beautiful. There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums are the Andrey Rublev Museum of early Russian Art and many others. Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best known of them is the Great Opera Theatre. Drama theatres are very popular too. Moscow is a city of students. There are over 80 higher educational institutions, including several universities; the most famous of them is MGU, Moscow State University. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament and the President of the country. 1 Who founded Moscow? 2 When did Moscow become the capital of the principality of Moscovia? 3 How was Moscow becoming the political and religious centre of Russia? 4 When did Moscow become the most powerful of the Russian city-states? 5 Why was Moscow declared the Third Rome and true heir of Christianity in 1453? 6 Who was the first Tsar of All Russia? 7 Why did Moscow become the main target of Napoleon's attack? 8 When had the city been completely restored after the great fire?