Fifty years ago people went to the local shops for most of what they needed. The shopkeeper knew them and (11)………. time to talk and ask about their family. Gradually, though, the small local shops disappeared as the large (12)………. and supermarkets took over. Shopping then became impersonal. As it didn't really matter where you shopped, you weren't loyal to any particular retail (13)………. . After all, you could get your favourite (14)………. anywhere. But, at the start of this century, companies realized that they needed to (15)………. with their customers to keep them coming back. (16)………. , lifestyles and aspirations became the buzzwords of the day in marketing. In 1987, a European company (17)………. a sports drink called Red Bull. Its marketing was aggressive and it (18)………. sports and extreme activities: Formula 1 racing, snowboarding, surfing, skateboarding and windsurfing. It is clearly aimed at young men. Now it produces a monthly magazine called the Red Bulletin, (19)………. online, and free in many bars, clubs and hotels. With its (20)………. slogan, "Red Bull gives you Wings", today die company sells more than 3 billion cans a year around the world. This company found out how to seduce their customers effectively. (11) A. took В. used С. spent (12) A. links В. networks С. chains (13) A. outlet В. place С. point (14) A. purchases В. brands С. names (15) A. engage В. promote С. develop (16) A. devotion В. loyalty С. faith (17) A. endorsed В. did С. launched (18) A. targeted В. advertised С. sponsored (19) A. advance В. available С. alive (20) A. memorable В. memorial С. memo
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Упражнение 3. Употребите Present/Past Simple Passive.
1. The dirty clothes are washed in the washing machine.
2. Most toys for children are made in China.
3. The thief was arrested outside the bank.
4. The president was met at the airport.
5. The car was driven by a man in a black hat.
6. Some computers were stolen from the library.
7. The bicycle was invented over 150 years ago.
8. We were met at the station by our friends.
Упражнение 4. Употребите Present/Past Continuous Passive.
1. The important problems are being discussed now.
2. At 5 pm the students were being examined.
3. When I entered the kitchen my favourite dish was being cooked.
4. We didn’t see the museum, it was being restored.
5. Yesterday at 9 o’clock the match was being shown on TV.
6. The foreign delegation was being met.
7. The history of the city was being told at that time.
Упражнение 5. Употребите перфектную форму пассивного залога.
1. My dog has just been found.
2. All the tickets had already been sold by Monday.
3. The room had been prepared for them but they didn’t arrive.
4. The boss said that the contract had been signed.
5. She told me the key had not been found.
6. She was angry because the tickets had been lost.
7. When I returned all my things had already been packed.
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