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Задание 1 Look at the steps to take in an emergency. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Write down seven combinations of numbers and letters with a comma (, Example answer: 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D, 5E, 6F, 7G A. recovery B. 999 C. airway D. ambulance E. breathing F. conscious G. dangers 1. Check if there are at the scene. 2. If the scene isn’t safe, call . 3. If the scene is safe, check if the person is . 4. If the person is unconscious, check that they are . 5. If they aren’t breathing, open their . 6. If they are breathing, put the person in the position. 7. Call 999 for an . задание 2 WHY LEARN FIRST AID? The simple answer is... accidents happen, and they happen quite often. Three million people a year go to hospitals because of accidents and injuries. Knowing first aid can help you to help somebody, maybe somebody close to you. Perhaps even in a life and death situation. Imagine this. You see an accident. Part of a building collapses. One builder is lying on the ground. Another is having problems walking. Meanwhile, something hit a young woman and she is shouting that she has broken her arm. Her baby is crying in its pushchair. In this scene, who do you think is the most important person? The answer is ... you. Everybody at the moment depends on you. You need to stay calm. And you need to check the dangers. If there is a danger, call 999 immediately. Look again at the picture in 1. Before you help the boy you need to look for other dangers. If you hurt yourself, you can’t help anybody. So assess the dangers of helping. If you think it’s OK to help, what do you do next? Firstly, see if the person is conscious. Can they hear you when you ask them a question? Do they respond when you gently shake their shoulder? If they don’t answer or respond, shout for help. Then open their airway to check that they are breathing. If they are breathing, put the person in the recovery position. Call 999 in the UK or 911 in the US, to ask for an ambulance. When you call 999, be prepared for the following questions: Which service do you require? (you say ‘Ambulance’, they will say ‘Connecting you now') What’s your name? What number are you calling from? Where are you? (If you aren’t sure, describe anything special around you.) What has happened? How many people are hurt? Is anyone unconscious? Has anyone stopped breathing? Is anyone bleeding? Are there any other dangers around? These are only the first things you need to know. But with just these basics, perhaps you can save somebody’s life. Choose the correct alternative. When in the US you have to call to ask for an ambulance. 911 999 990 Задание 3 Are these sentences true of false? Write down eight combinations of numbers and letters with a comma (, ). Example answer: 1A, 2B, 3A, 4B, 5A, 6B, 7A, 8B 1. 'Doubles’ usually do all the action in action films. A. True B. False 2. Jackie Chan injured himself while making his new film. A. True B. False 3. Jackie Chan has broken his nose more than twice. A. True B. False 4. In 1986 Jackie Chan had a serious accident when he hit his head on a tree. A. True B. False 5. Sometimes Jackie Chan has made films when he is badly injured. A. True B. False 6. Daniel Craig never lets other people do the action scenes in the James Bond films. A. True B. False 7. Daniel Craig has never broken anything. A. True B. False 8. Chan and Craig prefer their films to look realistic. A. True B. False
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Evolution
The earliest known proboscideans, the clade which contains the elephants, existed about 55 million years ago around the Tethys Sea area. The closest relatives of the Proboscidea are the sirenians and the hyraxes. The family Elephantidae is known to have existed six million years ago in Africa, and includes the living elephants and the mammoths. Among many now extinct clades, the mastodon is only a distant relative of the mammoths, and part of the separate Mammutidae family which diverged 25 million years before the mammoths evolved.[3]
The following cladogram shows the placement of the genus Mammuthus among other proboscideans, based on hyoid characteristics:[4]
Mammut (Mastodon)
Gomphotherium
Stegodon
Loxodonta (African elephant)
Elephas (Asian elephant)
Mammuthus (Mammoth)