качественно перевести текст HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The specialized task of obtaining the workers a company needs and then overseeing their training, evaluation, and compensation is known as personnel management. Human resource management is becoming more complex as the work force, the economy and corporate cultures are changing at an ever increasing pace. The first step in staffing a business organization is human resource planning. The organization must forecast demand and then determine the numbers and types of workers that will be required to meet this demand. Factors to be considered include determining whether workers with the required skills can be found in the general work force. Job analysis is the process by which jobs are studied to determine the tasks and dynamics involved. Questions that must be asked involve the qualifications and skills required to do the job as well as the actual tasks to be performed. The information needed for job analysis may be obtained by interviewing employees or supervisors, by direct observation, or by asking workers to keep diaries describing their workday. After completing the job analysis, the human resource manager may develop a job description, which is a specific statement of the tasks involved in the job and conditions under which the holder of the job will work. A jobspecification may also be devised, that is, a statement describing the kind of person who would be best for the job, including skills, education, and previous work experience. Using the job specification, recruiters (specialists on the human resources staff responsible for obtaining candidates) try to match it to a person. The person may be found within the organization (promote a present employee) or outside. Although, the actual stages of the hiring process may vary from one firm to another, most companies go through certain basic processes. A small number of qualified candidates may be chosen on the basis of a standard application blank and/or on the basis of their resumes (a summary of education, experience, interests and other personal data compiled by the applicant Each candidate would then be interviewed and may be asked to take a test or series of tests. An in-depth interview with the most likely candidates may follow, and then the candidates would be interviewed by the individual who, if they were hired, would be their supervisor. Firms have orientation procedures for new workers to ensure that they understand the company's goals, policies, and procedures. Companies are today developing highly structured performance appraisal systems to provide the necessary objective worker evaluations. Such systems include standards, in writing, so that both the supervisor and the worker understand what is expected of them. The biggest problem with such systems, however, is finding a way to measure performance, as it is not always an easy criterion to judge. In return to their services, workers receive compensation, which can take the form of payments, benefits, and employer services. Fоr many blue-collar and some white-collar workers, compensation takes the form of wages, a payment based on calculation of the number of hours worked or the number of units produced. Other workers are paid a salary, which bases compensation on a unit of time such as a week, a month, or a year, rather than an hour. Salaried workers typically receive no pay for working overtime. To increase productivity, firms often offer workers incentives linked to levels of production or profitability. Both salaried and wage-earning workers may receive a bonus- a payment in addition to the regular wage or salary. Commissions payments made to an employee based on sales made, may also be used as an addition to a worker's salary or as an employee's sole method of compensation. Financial benefits other than wages, salaries, and incentives that are provided for workers are called fringe benefits. Fringe benefits may include paid holidays, sick pay, and paid vacations. Additionally, parents are increasingly looking for such benefits as unpaid leaves to take care of babies.