NB: In the Conditional sentences of Type II, the verb to be used in the subordinate clause can acquire the form of were for he, she, it and I. 13. Put the verbs in brackets in appropriate form so that Conditional sentences of Type II are correct. Make your choice between positive and negative forms. 1. The wire (rotate) around the magnet if it (be supplied) with current from a chemical battery. 2. If you (move) a magnet through a loop of wire, an electric current (flow) in that wire. 3. The current also (flow) if the loop (be moved) over a stationary magnet. 4. If you (rub) the amber for long enough, you (get) an electric spark to jump. 5. If you (study) the subject closer, you (see) many ways of carrying an electric current. 6. A proton and a neutron (move) very slowly if they (be) in a helium nucleus. 7. Vacuum furnaces make use of induction heating for the production of special steels and other alloys that (oxidize) if one (heat) them in the presence of air. 14. Put the verbs in brackets in appropriate form so that Conditional sentences of Type III are correct. Make your choice between positive and negative forms. 1. If they (have) difficulties with the engine, the passengers (sit) in the plane when the bomb went off. 2. Audible noise (be produced) by cookware exposed to high magnetic fields if the cookware (have) loose parts. 3. If a positive charge (be brought) near the metal object, the negative charges in the metal (be attracted) toward it. 4. If the external charge (be) negative, the polarity of the charged regions (be reversed 5. If an electrical contact (be made) between the electroscope terminal and ground, it (cause) charge to flow from ground to the terminal. 6. If a positive charge (be brought) near a nonconductive object, the electrons in each molecule (be attracted) toward it. 7. If a liquid or gas (contain) ions, then the ions (be made) to flow as an electric current.

It occupies most of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia

Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres.

It is bordered by Norway and Finland in the north-west, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and the Ukraine in the West, Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south-west, and Kazakhstan , Mongolia, China along the southern border.

The land of Russia varies from thick forests to barren deserts, from high peaked mountains to deep valleys.

The longest mountain chains are the Urals, separating Europe from Asia, the Caucasus, the Altai.

6Russia’s most important rivers are the Volga, Europe’s biggest river, flowing into the Caspian Sea, the main Siberian rivers (the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena), and the Amur in the Far East, flowing into the Pacific Ocean.
7 The world’s deepest lake – Lake Baikal, with the depth of 1600 metres, is situated in Siberia.
8The climate in Russia varies from arctic in the north to continental in the central part of the country and subtropical in the south.

9  The coldest place in Russia is Oimjakon in the central Sibirian region Jakutia,

 10Its vast mineral resources include oil and natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, lead, nickel, aluminium, gold and other non-ferrous metals. Russia has the world’s largest oil and natural gas resources.

11 Three-quarters of the republic’s mineral wealth is concentrated in Siberia and the Far East.

12 the population of Russia amounted to about 143 million

13The central part of the country is densely populated

14 more than 100 nations and nationalities   live in the Russian Federation

15 Russia is a constitutional republic, with President as Head of State.

16 the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (Prime Minister) is the head of government,

17  the official national flag of the Russian was  adopted in 1991

18 The flag has three equal stripes of white, blue and red.
White - symbolizes nobleness, honor, freedom; Blue - faith, truth, it's the color of God's Mother; Red color - means courage, bravery, love, and it's also a symbol of great power statehood.

19 The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow,

20  Moscow is one of the most popular tourist destinations because It is a sprawling city with a blend of historical and contemporary sights

1) The Russian Federation occupies the territory from the Arctic Ocean to the Black Sea and from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean.
2) Its total area is over 17 million square kilometers.
3) Russia borders many countries, such as Finland, the Ukraine, the Baltic States, China, Mongolia, and others.
4) The surface of Russia is various. You can see lowlands and highlands, forests and wide grasslands on its territory.
5) The longest mountain chains are the Urals, which separate Europe and Asia, the Caucasus, the Altai.
6) Major rivers include the Volga in Europe, the Yenisei, the Ob, and the Lena in Asia.
7) The world's deepest lake Baikal is situated in Siberia.
8) There are different climatic zones on the vast area of our country. In the north, it is very cold, even in summer. The central part of the country has a mild climate. In the south, it is warm, even in winter. 
9) Winters are very cold in Siberia.
10) Russia has abundant natural resources, which, besides large areas of forests, vast fertile soils, and a great water supply, inclued large deposits of gas, coal, iron ore, ect. Three quarters of the minerals wealth are concentrated in Siberia and the Far East.