London is one of the biggest cities in the world with a population of over 8 million. London's transport system has a rich history that developed with the capital. 200 years ago London was a compact city where most people got around on foot Streets were often crowded with pedestrians, only the wealthy were able to travel by horse. The River Thames provided a faster way of getting around. In 1900 almost every vehicle on the streets of London was horse-drawn. More than 300, 000 horses were needed to keep the city on the move. Everything from private carriages and cabs to buses, trams and delivery vans was horse-drawn.15 years later everything changed. Horse buses and horse trams disappeared in London, and motor taxis outnumbered horse-drawn cabs. Motor cars replaced carriages, but only for the wealthy. Motorbuses and electric trams were everywhere, they were used by everyone. Londoners more than doubled the number of journeys they made by bus and tram. However, horses were still used for most goods delivery.In the 1920s buses overtook trams in popularity. Buses were more comfortable and also cheaper to modernise and maintain. Electric trolleybuses were introduced and remained in use until the introduction of diesel buses after the Second World War.The black cab and the red double deck bus are iconic symbols of London. They were still on the streets of London at the start of the 21st century.The London Underground carries more than three million passengers a day. Providing a safe and comfortable travelling environment for so many people is an enormous challenge to planners and operators of the network.Lately the London transport system has considerably improved its service. Nearly 5% of Londoners have switched from private car use to public transport -unprecedented in a world city.Краткий пересказ текста ​

How I spent summer holidays
Summer is my favorite season. Summer holidays give the longest rest from studying of the year that’s why I like them so much.
In June I stayed at home and my parents were at work. But I was glad because at last I had time for myself. I read books, listened to music, watched films and visited my friend. I spend most days outdoors and got a nice sun tan.
Then I spent two weeks in the summer camp on the seaside. It was a real fun. I met a lot of new friends. Every day we enjoyed something special - games, carnivals, competitions, performances. We went to the seaside twice a day. There we swam, bathed in the sun, played volleyball on the beach, made sculptures of sand. We had discos every night, but not too long. I guess, those were the most exciting weeks of the summer. It gave me bright impressions, lots of funny photos and some new friends.
Then my parents were on vacation and so they took me to my parent’s place in the village. It’s a very picturesque place with a forest and a river nearby. I was happy to see my grandmother and grandfather. I spent hot days on the riverbank. Once we went hiking with my parents, made fire, gathered some berries. The summer forest is very beautiful. In the evening I usually helped in the garden.
Last month of the summer I was at home again, having rest from such an intensive rest! I did usual things and prepared for school. I like my summer holidays!
Сочинение «Как я провел летние каникулы» - перевод
Лето – мое любимое время года. Летние каникулы – это самый долгий отдых от учебы в году, поэтому я их так люблю.
Июнь я провел дома, а мои родители работали. Но я был рад, потому что, наконец, у меня появилось время для себя. Я читал книжки, слушал музыку, смотрел фильмы и общался с друзьями. Большую часть времени я был на улице, поэтому неплохо загорел.
Затем я провел две недели в летнем лагере на берегу моря. Это было настоящее веселье. Я встретил много новых друзей. Каждый день мы наслаждались чем-то особенным – играми, карнавалами, соревнованиями, представлениями. Дважды в день мы бывали на море. Там мы купались, загорали на солнце, играли в пляжный волейбол, делали скульптуры из песка. Каждый вечер была дискотека, правда, не очень долгая. Я считаю, это были самые волнующие две недели лета. Они подарили мне яркие впечатления, много веселых фотографий и новых друзей.
Затем мои родители пошли в отпуск и взяли меня собой к дедушке и бабушке в деревню. Это очень живописное место, с речкой и лесом поблизости. Я был рад увидеть дедушку и бабушку. В жаркие дни я все время был на речке. Однажды мы с родителями ходили в поход, разводили костер, собирали какие-то ягоды. По вечерам я обычно в саду.
Последний месяц лета я провел дома, отдыхая от такого насыщенного отдыха. Занимался обычными делами и готовился к школе. Мне понравилось, как я провел летние каникулы.

Every summer I go to the country to stay with my grandparents for a week or two. In the village Igo fishing, go for long bike rides and help grandparents in the garden. I have many friends there.From the early morning we like to go to the river. We swim in warm water, sunbathe and play badminton. Also my friends and I like to go camping. We often sleep in a tent, sit by the fire with my friends, cook potatoes and sing songs to the guitar.

In August my parents always take a three-week vacation. Thus, at the end of the summer, all our family always goes abroad. We went to Turkey this year. Our vacation in Turkey was wonderful. We went to the beach every day, swam in the sea and in the pool, ate delicious food or drank cocktails. In the evening we went to parties or visited restaurants. Sometimes we went to the beach in the evening and swam in the sea. When it was time to go home, we were sorry to leave Turkey.

Summer holidays are never too long for me. I hope that my next summer holidays will be the sameor even better!