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mikhail  lomonosov  (19.11 (08.11. o.s.) 1835 - 15.04.(04.04. o.s.) 1765) - russian poet and scientist.

lomonosov was the son of a poor fisherman. at the age of 10 he too took up that line of work. when the few books he was able to obtain could no longer satisfy his growing thirst for knowledge, in december 1730, he left his native village, penniless and on foot, for moscow. his ambition was to educate himself to join the learned men on whom the tsar peter i the great was calling to transform russia into a modern nation.

the clergy and the nobility, attached to their privileges and fearing the spread of education and science, actively opposed the reforms of which lomonosov was a lifelong champion. his bitter struggle began as soon as he arrived in moscow. in order to be admitted to the slavonic-greek-latin academy he had to conceal his humble origin; the sons of nobles jeered at him, and he had scarcely enough money for food and clothes. but his robust health and exceptional intelligence enabled him in five years to assimilate the eight-year course of study; during this time he taught himself greek and read the philosophical works of antiquity.

noticed at last by his instructors, in january 1736 lomonosov became a student at the st. petersburg academy. seven months later he left for germany to study at the university of marburg, where he led the turbulent life of the german student. his work did not suffer, however, for within three years he had surveyed the main achievements of western philosophy and science. his mind, freed from all preconception, rebelled at the narrowness of the empiricism in which the disciples of isaac newton had bound the natural sciences; in dissertations sent to st. petersburg, he attacked the problem of the structure of matter.

in 1739, in freiberg, lomonosov studied firsthand the technologies of mining, metallurgy, and glassmaking. also friendly with the poets of the time, he freely indulged the love of verse that had arisen during his childhood with the reading of psalms. the "ode," dedicated to the empress, and the pismo o pravilakh rossiyskogo stikhotvorstva ("letter concerning the rules of russian versification") made a considerable impression at court.

after breaking with one of his masters, the chemist johann henckel, and many other mishaps, among which his marriage at marburg must be included, lomonosov returned in july 1741 to st. petersburg. the academy, which was directed by foreigners and incompetent nobles, gave the young scholar no precise assignment, and the injustice aroused him. his violent temper and great strength sometimes led him to go beyond the rules of propriety, and in may 1743 he was placed under arrest. two odes sent to the empress elizabeth won him his liberation in january 1744, as well as a certain poetic prestige at the academy.

while in prison he worked out the plan of work that he had already developed in marburg. the 276 zametok po fizike i korpuskulyarnoy filosofi ("276 notes on corpuscular philosophy and physics") set forth the dominant ideas of his scientific work. appointed a professor by the academy in 1745, he translated christian wolff's institutiones philosophiae experimentalis ("studies in experimental philosophy") into russian and wrote, in latin, important works on the meditationes de caloris et frigoris causa (1747; "cause of heat and cold"), the tentamen theoriae de vi aлris elastica (1748; "elastic force of air"), and the theoria electricitatis (1756; "theory of electricity"). his friend, the celebrated german mathematician leonhard euler, recognized the creative originality of his articles, which were, on euler's advice, published by the russian academy in the novye kommentari.

Если это вопросы к этому тексту  the trip was not long. a few minutes later the magic plane was under a big old tree. sarah was in the middle of the wild wood. she didn't know where to go. "how can i get out of here? " she asked. "can't you find the road? " she suddenly heard a voice. she looked up and down, but couldn't see anybody. there was just an ugly old tree near to where she stood. then she heard the voice again. " speak up! i can't hear you! don't they teach you to speak english at school? " sarah understood that the tree was talking to her. "please, sit," said sarah. "i'm looking for some magic mustard seeds." "the vinegar witch may have some, but i'm not sure", said the tree. "the road to the witch's castle is to the left of the road leading to the magic airport." "could you repeat that, please? " said sarah. "that was very difficult to remember." "certainly not," said the tree. "you, young people, must learn to work without help. well, hurry up! and he shook his leaves sadly. sarah went straight ahead. it was difficult to walk because it was dark. she wanted to take a bus , but there were no buses in the wild wood. so she had to go on foot. it was a long way. by the time she saw the witch's house it was already morning. she went up to the castle and saw that the key was in the door. she opened it and went in." come up here! " she heard a voice from upstairs. she went up and there she saw a large room. in the middle of this room there was a fire burning. in front of the fire there were two armchairs, and in one of them was an ugly old witch. her friendly black cat, midnight, was in the other.то переведи через переводчик , и переведи вопросы свои , на ответь на них и переведи на ))