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4. Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. When is necessary to do if a company wants to sell the goods in a new market?2. What is a feasibility study?3. What are the ways of getting (assessing) the market potential?4. Where can manufacturing companies exhibit their samples of goods?5. Do they display a full range of their goods at a trade fair?6. What is an advertising campaign?7. What is the aim of promotion of goods? What should potential customers do if they want to buy something?When a company starts to sell goods in a new market, they often do some market research or a preliminary study to see if the project is feasible. They research (investigate) the market potential or do a feasibility study to see if they will make money by selling in the new market (i. e. to see if the product/project is viable) One way to assess the market potential is to take a stand at a trade fair where com¬panies can exhibit samples of their products and see what response they get from prospective customers. The Trade Fair is an exhibition of goods and a company exhibits a sample of its product at its stand. This as also a form of publicity (or advertising) and the company representative will probably hand out publicity brochures to advertise (or promote) the product further. Often journalists (the press) write about the trade fair and sometimes companies hold a press conference if they want to promote a particular model or range. (Each different type of car, bike etc. is a model. All the different models made by a company make up its range. The full range of goods is normally displayed in the company's catalogue. The catalogue is a book¬let or brochure Another way of promoting (or publicizing) a new product is to place advertise¬ments in magazines or newspapers. Advertisements are also called adverts or ads for short. A plan to do a lot of advertising of one product is called a campaign. Starting an advertising cam¬paign on a new product is known as launching the product. The aim of publicity/promotion is to interest customers (or buyers, or clients) in the product. Initially customers/clients might make inquiries about the product. When they decide to buy, they place an order. At a Trade Fair companies are trying to win (obtain) as many orders as possible. However, before a client places an order he wants to know many things: how long delivery takes, whether the company can supply replacements and spare parts, what the after sales service is like, etc. (All the individual parts in a model are called components. If one of the components breaks the customer will want a replacement spare part. If the product is complicated, skilled workers might be needed to fit spare parts or to service or maintain the machinery. Any maintenance or servicing the company does after it has sold the product is called after-sales service).

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Андреевнатест707
Since individuals typically earn their incomes from working for companies whose requirements are constantly changing, it is quite possible that at any given time not all members of a country's potential work force will be able to find an employer that needs their labor. This would be less problematic in an economy in which such individuals had unlimited access to resources such as land in order to provide for themselves, but when the ownership of the bulk of its productive capacity resides in relatively few hands, most individuals will be dependent on employment for their economic well-being. It is typical for true capitalist economies to have rates of unemployment that fluctuate between 3% and 15%. Some economists have used the term "natural rate of unemployment" to describe this phenomenon. Depressed or stagnant economies have been known to reach unemployment rates as high as 30%, while events such as military mobilization (a good example is that of World War II) have resulted in just 1-2% unemployment, a level that is often termed "full employment". Typical unemployment rates in Western economies range between 5% and 10%. Some economists consider that a certain level of unemployment is necessary for the proper functioning of capitalist economies. Equally, some politicians have claimed that the "natural rate of unemployment" highlights the inefficiency of a capitalist economy, since not all its resources – in this case human labor – are being allocated efficiently. Some libertarian economists argue that higher unemployment rates are in part the result of minimum wage laws, as well as in part the result of misguided monetary policy, and are not inevitable in a capitalist economy. They also claim that if the value of the productive capacity of a given employee is worth less to the employer than the minimum wage, that person will become unemployed, and therefore unemployment will exist whenever the legal minimum wage exceeds the true economic value of the least productive members of the labor pool. Likewise, if the amount of money a person can obtain on welfare approaches or equals what they could make by working, that person's incentive to work will be reduced. Some unemployment is voluntary, such as when a potential job is turned down because the unemployed person is seeking a better job, is voluntarily living on savings, or has a non-wage-earning role, such as in the case of a traditional homemaker. Some measures of employment disregard these categories of unemployment, counting only people who are actively seeking work and have been unable to find any.

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4. Read the text and answer the following questions. 1. When is necessary to do if a company wants to sell the goods in a new market?2. What is a feasibility study?3. What are the ways of getting (assessing) the market potential?4. Where can manufacturing companies exhibit their samples of goods?5. Do they display a full range of their goods at a trade fair?6. What is an advertising campaign?7. What is the aim of promotion of goods? What should potential customers do if they want to buy something?When a company starts to sell goods in a new market, they often do some market research or a preliminary study to see if the project is feasible. They research (investigate) the market potential or do a feasibility study to see if they will make money by selling in the new market (i. e. to see if the product/project is viable) One way to assess the market potential is to take a stand at a trade fair where com¬panies can exhibit samples of their products and see what response they get from prospective customers. The Trade Fair is an exhibition of goods and a company exhibits a sample of its product at its stand. This as also a form of publicity (or advertising) and the company representative will probably hand out publicity brochures to advertise (or promote) the product further. Often journalists (the press) write about the trade fair and sometimes companies hold a press conference if they want to promote a particular model or range. (Each different type of car, bike etc. is a model. All the different models made by a company make up its range. The full range of goods is normally displayed in the company's catalogue. The catalogue is a book¬let or brochure Another way of promoting (or publicizing) a new product is to place advertise¬ments in magazines or newspapers. Advertisements are also called adverts or ads for short. A plan to do a lot of advertising of one product is called a campaign. Starting an advertising cam¬paign on a new product is known as launching the product. The aim of publicity/promotion is to interest customers (or buyers, or clients) in the product. Initially customers/clients might make inquiries about the product. When they decide to buy, they place an order. At a Trade Fair companies are trying to win (obtain) as many orders as possible. However, before a client places an order he wants to know many things: how long delivery takes, whether the company can supply replacements and spare parts, what the after sales service is like, etc. (All the individual parts in a model are called components. If one of the components breaks the customer will want a replacement spare part. If the product is complicated, skilled workers might be needed to fit spare parts or to service or maintain the machinery. Any maintenance or servicing the company does after it has sold the product is called after-sales service).
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