Прочитайте текст, переведите его и выпишите лексику на заданную тему на английском языке с переводом. Methods of teaching counting and the basics of mathematics for preschool children through play. In preschool years, play is essential in the life of a young child. It is the leading activity. In the game, it is possible to draw the attention of children to such objects that in ordinary non-play conditions they are not interested in and on which it is very difficult to focus attention. The most difficult topic for preschool children is mathematics. To develop a cognitive interest in mathematical knowledge, a variety of methods and techniques for teaching mathematics are used, they are attracted with colorful visual and handouts, and also one of the effective means of awakening a keen interest in the subject are didactic games. What kind of games are used to form mathematical concepts in children? Introducing children to numbers, they give various games such as "Blind a number from plasticine", "What a number looks like", "Find objects around us that resemble a number." Children learn to guess riddles of mathematical content, learn poems about numbers, get acquainted with fairy tales that contain numbers. When getting acquainted with any number, children are offered such tasks as: name proverbs, sayings, catchphrases, the name of fairy tales, where a number would be present (“one is not a warrior in the field”, “measure 7 times and cut once”, “2 greedy teddy bear ", etc. Often they use a game such as "Draw something using numbers" - here children can draw a person's face, a pattern, a snowman or any other object that develops the children's imagination. Also, children really like the game "Draw a number". Children show numbers with their fingers, hands, using their bodies, in pairs. In pairs, children like to write on each other's backs or on their palms. Recently, children are very fond of didactic material called "Voskobovich's Games". Children with great pleasure collect various figures and shapes using rubber bands and studs. Here knowledge of numbers and colors is consolidated. When studying geometric shapes, children love to play a game: "A couple of words" = for example: they say to children: circle - children name an object that looks like a circle - a steering wheel; square - picture; oval is an egg, and vice versa: I name the object, and the children name the shape. Children also like the game "What a superfluous figure" - here children not only name and show an extra figure, but also explain why it does not fit, why it is superfluous. (For example: 3 volumetric figures, and one is planar). Also use such games: "Find a lid for each box", "Pick up a patch", "Columbus egg", "Tangram", "Dienesh blocks". Children express figures, both from the model and from memory. Fixing geometric shapes, they use games: "Geometric Lotto", "Coding Figures." To develop visual attention, they play the game: "Count how many triangles, circles." Very often used for OD games with sticks. First, they give simple tasks, for example: to lay out the pattern according to the sample, as a keepsake, and then the task became more complicated: they suggest making 2 equal squares of 7 sticks, making a square of their two sticks (using the corner of the table). Also, children are not indifferent to the "Kiusner's Sticks", with the help of which they can easily count, the composition of the number, etc. Working on the section "Measuring a value", in addition to the usual methods, all well-known methods use games such as: measure in steps, with a conventional measurement, gave children a creative task: Help find the answer to non-standard questions: • How to measure the length of a venomous snake? • How can you measure a person's strength? • How to measure rain noise? His strength? Didactic games are also used in the section “Number and counting”. For example: “Even-odd”, “Say a number one more - less”. The games "How many of us are without one" (countdown, "What number I have in mind") are interesting. When studying the numbers of the second ten, games are used: "Who knows, let him count further", "What numbers are missing", "Name the neighbors." When forming cyclic images, they offer games such as "What comes first, what next", "Color, continuing the pattern", "Which figure will be the last." Very often problems are used on OD - jokes are entertaining game problems with mathematical meaning. They should not be solved like ordinary problems using one or another arithmetic operation. For the solution, you need to show resourcefulness, ingenuity, understanding of humor. They encourage children to reason, think, find an answer using the knowledge they already have. Such tasks - jokes are used in conducting math