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The Changing Face of TransportationHumans have always been searching for quicker and easier ways to getaround. About 10, 000 years ago, we built canoes made from logs ofwood, while on land we domesticated and started riding horses around4, 000 BC. Roughly 500 years later, we invented the wheel, which led tocarts and wagons, and at almost the same time, the Egyptians inventedthe saling boat.Up until the 18th century most people travelled by sailing boat, horse orstagecoach, but in 1769, there was a major breakthrough when theScottish Inventor James Watt invented the steam engine. In 1783, theFrench inventor Claude de Jouffroy used this technology to build thefirst steamboat, and in 1804 the Englishman Richard Trevithickconstructed the first steam-powered train. Pallways helped carry coalaround Britain and were an important part of the Industrial Revolution.Another major breakthrough came when Kari Benz built the first workingcar in 1885. Then, in 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright bullt the firstaeroplane. These two inventions shaped the 20th century. Over time, cars and plane travel became cheaper so that by the 70s a lot offamilles owned a car and many were holidaying abroad. Also, the 20thcentury saw the first man in space - Yuri Gagarin in 1961 - and theworld was watching when Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969.Nowadays, companies are developing soll-driving cars and we will soonbe able to take trips into space. The fascinating story of transportationcontinues and who knows how we'll be gelung around in the future.1 The first means of transportpeople built were2 The invention of the wheelallowed us to make3 The Industrial Revolutionrelied on the invention of4 Throughout the 20th centurytravel by car and plane5 in the future, people will beable to travel​​

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atenza3736

Объяснение:

переменного тока содержит различные элементы (резисторы, индуктивности, емкости), включенные последовательно. Схема цепи приведена на рис. 2. Известно, что

R1=4 Ом, R2=4 Ом, XL21=2 Ом, XC1=8 Ом, I=2 A

Начертать схему цепи и определить следующие величины:

1) полное сопротивление цепи Z ;

2) напряжение U , приложенное к цепи;

3) угол сдвига фаз Ф (по величине и знаку);

4) активную P , реактивную Q и полную S мощности цепи. Начертить в масштабе векторную диаграмму цепи и пояснить её построение.

« Последнее редактирование: 03 Ноября 2012, 13:53 от djeki »

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djeki

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Re: Цепь переменного тока содержит различные элементы (резисторы, индуктив¬ности, ем

« ответ #1 : 03 Ноября 2012, 13:49 »

В цепи переменного тока включены последовательно два резистора, индуктивное и емкостное сопротивления.

1) Полное сопротивление цепи Z:

Z=R2+(XL2−XC1)2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√

Где R = R1 + R2, эквивалентное сопротивление двух последовательно соединенных резисторов . Тогда

R = 8 Ом, Z = 10 Ом.

2) напряжение U, приложенное к цепи определим через закон Ома:

U = I·Z,

U = 20 B.

3) Сдвиг фаз

cosφ=RZ

4) Активную P, реактивную Q и полную S мощности цепи можно найти так

P = I2·R, Q = I2⋅|XL2 – XC1|, S = I⋅U,

P = 32 Вт, Q = 24 Вт, S = 40 Вт

При построении векторной диаграммы учтем, что: а) при последовательном соединении I = IC1 = IL2 = IR, б) колебания напряжения на активном сопротивлении R совпадает по фазе с колебаниями силы тока, поэтому вектор UR должен совпадать по направлению с вектором I; в) колебания напряжения на катушке индуктивности L опережают по фазе колебания силы тока на π/2, поэтому вектор UL повернут на этот угол относительно вектора I против часовой стрелки; г) колебания напряжения на конденсаторе С отстают по фазе с колебаниями силы тока на π/2, поэтому вектор UC повернут на этот угол относительно вектора I по часовой стрелке Значения напряжений найдем так же по закону Ома:

UR = I⋅R, UL2 = I⋅XL2, UC1 = I⋅XC1,

UR = 16 В, UL2 = 4 В, UC1 = 16 В.

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The Changing Face of TransportationHumans have always been searching for quicker and easier ways to getaround. About 10, 000 years ago, we built canoes made from logs ofwood, while on land we domesticated and started riding horses around4, 000 BC. Roughly 500 years later, we invented the wheel, which led tocarts and wagons, and at almost the same time, the Egyptians inventedthe saling boat.Up until the 18th century most people travelled by sailing boat, horse orstagecoach, but in 1769, there was a major breakthrough when theScottish Inventor James Watt invented the steam engine. In 1783, theFrench inventor Claude de Jouffroy used this technology to build thefirst steamboat, and in 1804 the Englishman Richard Trevithickconstructed the first steam-powered train. Pallways helped carry coalaround Britain and were an important part of the Industrial Revolution.Another major breakthrough came when Kari Benz built the first workingcar in 1885. Then, in 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright bullt the firstaeroplane. These two inventions shaped the 20th century. Over time, cars and plane travel became cheaper so that by the 70s a lot offamilles owned a car and many were holidaying abroad. Also, the 20thcentury saw the first man in space - Yuri Gagarin in 1961 - and theworld was watching when Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969.Nowadays, companies are developing soll-driving cars and we will soonbe able to take trips into space. The fascinating story of transportationcontinues and who knows how we'll be gelung around in the future.1 The first means of transportpeople built were2 The invention of the wheelallowed us to make3 The Industrial Revolutionrelied on the invention of4 Throughout the 20th centurytravel by car and plane5 in the future, people will beable to travel​​
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