Переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы текста. выполните после текста. management management has many definitions as there are managers. there are debates whether management is an art or a science and whether managers are born or made. from a sociological point of view management would seem to be mainly an art (for example how to motivate people to give of their bests), whereas from a quantitative point of view it appears to be far more scientific. in practical business, management is the art and science of getting things done through other people, but it also includes effective use of your own time. to operate a successful business you need strong management skills. effective management is the key to business success. management includes those personnel who have the right to make decisions that affect company’s affairs. organization is the means by which management coordinates the efforts of employees to obtain the company’s objectives. as for organization, it involves structure which is a framework enabling management to delegate and control the responsibilities of individuals and departments. in this way, a company can function as a unit with the same efficiency as a business run by one person. once organizational structure has been established, areas (and sub areas) of activities, levels of authority and duties must be clearly defined. there are three management levels: top management, middle management, and operating management. top management includes the president, vice president, and the general manager. middle management includes department managers, plant managers, and production superintendents. operating management includes supervisors, foremen, etc. the most important responsibility of a manager at any level is decision making. (it is often said that decisions are the motor of business successful management is a matter of skill in choosing from alternatives. ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту: is a management an art or a science? what is the key to business success? what is management? what is the most important responsibility of a manager? what manger would you like to be: a top manager, a middle manager, or an operating manager and why?

Управление имеет много определений, а есть менеджеры. Есть дебаты, является ли управление это искусство или наука, и могут ли руководители рождаются или становятся. С социологической точки зрения управления представляется в основном искусство (например, как мотивировать людей, чтобы дать их лучшее), тогда как с количественной точки зрения она выглядит гораздо более научно. В практический бизнес, менеджмент-это искусство и наука добиваться цели через других людей, но он также включает в себя эффективное использование собственного времени. Для того чтобы работать успешный бизнес, вам нужны сильные управленческие навыки. Эффективное управление является ключом к успеху бизнеса. Управление включает в себя тех сотрудников, которые имеют право принимать решения, которые влияют на дела компании. Организация-это средство, с которого управление координирует усилия сотрудников, чтобы получить целей компании. Что касается организации, она включает в себя структуру, которая является основой, позволяющей руководству делегировать и контролировать обязанности отдельных лиц и ведомств. Таким образом, компания может функционировать как одно целое с такой же эффективностью, как бизнес управляется одним человеком. После того как организационная структура была создана, территории (и суб направления) деятельности, уровни полномочий и обязанностей должен быть четко определен. Существует три уровня управления: высший менеджмент, средний менеджмент и оперативного управления. Топ-менеджмент включает в себя президента, вице-президента и генерального менеджера. Средний менеджмент включает в себя руководителей отделов, менеджеров завода и производственного прорабов. Оперативное управление включает в себя руководителей, прорабов и т. д. Наиболее важной обязанностью руководителя любого уровня принятия решений. (Часто говорят, что решения являются двигателем бизнеса). Успешное управление-это вопрос навыка в выборе из альтернатив. ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту: это менеджмент-это искусство или наука? Что является ключом к успеху в бизнесе? Что такое менеджмент? Какая самая важная обязанность менеджера? Какие ясли вы бы хотели быть: топ-менеджер, менеджер среднего звена или менеджер по эксплуатации и почему?

Объяснение:

Where mothers cry, rivers flow, where sister cries, streams run, where woman cries - there is no dew. Every child's mother feels sorry for not cutting her finger. Mother's anger is like spring snow: it will fall heavily and it will melt away soon. The mother swears by the son - he takes the stove, with the son-in-law - for hell. There is no flower better than a cat, no better than a mother. Not the mother who gives birth, but the one who gives birth. I would be glad if there was a sky for the children and cover the stars.

Объяснение:

In the first place, people enjoy the companionship of cats. Many cats are affectionate. They will snuggle up and ask to be petted, or scratched under the chin. Who can resist a purring cat? If they’re not feeling affectionate, cats are generally quite playful. They love to chase balls and feathers, or just about anything dangling from a string. They especially enjoy playing when their owners are participating in the game. Contrary to popular opinion, cats can be trained. Using rewards and punishments, just like with a dog, a cat can be trained to avoid unwanted behavior or perform tricks. Cats will even fetch!

In the second place, cats are civilized members of the household. Unlike dogs, cats do not bark or make other loud noises. Most cats don’t even meow very often. They generally lead a quiet existence. Cats also don’t often have “accidents.” Mother cats train their kittens to use the litter box, and most cats will use it without fail from that time on. Even stray cats usually understand the concept when shown the box and will use it regularly. Cats do have claws, and owners must make provision for this. A tall scratching post in a favorite cat area of the house will often keep the cat content to leave the furniture alone. As a last resort, of course, cats can be declawed.

Lastly, one of the most attractive features of cats as housepets is their ease of care. Cats do not have to be walked. They get plenty of exercise in the house as they play, and they do their business in the litter box. Cleaning a litter box is a quick, painless procedure. Cats also take care of their own grooming. Bathing a cat is almost never necessary because under ordinary circumstances cats clean themselves. Cats are more particular about personal cleanliness than people are. In addition, cats can be left home alone for a few hours without fear. Unlike some pets, most cats will not destroy the furnishings when left alone. They are content to go about their usual activities until their owners return.

Cats are low maintenance, civilized companions. People who have small living quarters or less time for pet care should appreciate these characteristics of cats. However, many people who have plenty of space and time still opt to have a cat because they love the cat personality. In many ways, cats are the ideal housepet.