Почему такие плоды, как яблоко, груша, айва называют ложными ?

Плод может образовываться из пестика – тогда он настоящий. Пример такого растения – вишня. Если кроме пестика в образовании плода участвует околоцветник или цветоложе, такой плод является ложным ли ненастоящим. У яблока, айвы и груши ложный плод – это разросшееся цветоложе, так называемая мякоть. Околоплодник имеет две части, которые срастаются. Плодолистики образуют внутри мякоти перегородки, где находятся косточки.

Большинство водных и наземных олигохет — «мусорщики», питающиеся мертвой органикой, в первую очередь растительного происхождения. Дождевые черви питаются разлагающейся органикой поверхностного слоя почвы и могут затаскивать опавшие листья в норки. Будучи детритофагами, они поглощают органический материал вместе с заглатываемым грунтом. Мелкодисперсный детрит, водоросли и микроорганизмы — важные источники пищи для некрупных пресноводных форм. Часто встречающиеся маленькие олигохеты Aeolosoma собирают детрит с простомиума. В процессе питания червь прижимает вентральную, покрытую ресничками поверхность

... . .. . . .м.

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